Symmetry: the key to diagnosing propeller strike injuries in sea mammals

Byard, Roger W.; Machado, Aaron; Woolford, Lucy; Boardman, Wayne

doi:10.1007/s12024-012-9335-0

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cetacean skin marks have been widely reported [1–3] and revealed a broad spectrum of causes, including infectious diseases (poxvirus and herpesvirus) [4–15] as well as environmental causes (solar radiation and water salinity) [16–19], injuries produced by sharks or parasitic copepods/diatoms, traumatic scarring [16, 20–25] and scars caused by propellers [16, 17, 19, 26, 27] or fishing gears [13, 28–31]. Biological and chemical contaminants may contribute to skin mark development in cetaceans [17, 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin marks in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with artisanal fishery in the central Mediterranean Sea

Leone¹,

Ferraro²,

Boitani

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Skin marks occur frequently in many cetacean species across the globe revealing a broad spectrum of causes, including social interactions, infectious diseases and injuries produced by anthropogenic factors. The current study used photo-id data from 2005–2014 to estimate the skin mark pattern on resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Aeolian Archipelago (Italy). Thirteen skin mark types were identified and their origin, prevalence and permanence time were examined. The pattern of skin marks was assessed for the abundance, richness, distribution and severity in six body regions and compared among age classes, sex and degree of dolphins’ interaction with trammel nets (DIN). Our results showed higher prevalence, abundance, richness and distribution of skin marks in adults than in the younger age classes, with the exception of black marks and white ring lesions. The prevalence and abundance of skin marks were higher in males than females, with the exception of scratches and white patches. Moreover, gunshot wounds, mutilations and irregular dorsal fin edges were found only on adult males. Since males showed higher DIN than females and, in dolphins with higher DIN, skin marks were more abundant and frequently distributed in different body regions, the skin mark pattern in regard to DIN seems to be sex-related. The more severe marks were observed on adults, males and dolphins with higher DIN, namely skin disorder, tooth rake marks, small shallow indentations, deep indentations and mutilations. On the contrary, the severity of scratches, white patches and dark ring lesions was higher in females than males, but not significantly related to DIN and age of the individuals. Our results showed that photo-id data provide an efficient and cost-effective approach to document the occurrence of skin marks in free-ranging bottlenose dolphin populations, a critical step toward understanding the cause and supporting the conservation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin marks in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with artisanal fishery in the central Mediterranean Sea

Leone¹,

Ferraro²,

Boitani

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…, Byard et al . ), intentional killings (Kemper et al . ), habitat loss and degradation (Edyvane ), and pollution (Lavery et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Bottlenose dolphins within GSV live adjacent to Adelaide's metropolitan coast, Australia's fifth largest city. Individuals within this semiopen and highly urbanized coastal area are at potential risk from several anthropogenic activities, including interactions with recreational fishing and dolphin-swim boats (Peters et al 2012, Byard et al 2013, intentional killings , habitat loss and degradation (Edyvane 1999), and pollution (Lavery et al 2008). Furthermore, bottlenose dolphins within this area were recently subjected to an outbreak of cetacean morbillivirus, resulting in the death of at least 36 individuals (Kemper et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Site fidelity, residency, and abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopssp.) in Adelaide's coastal waters, South Australia

Zanardo

Parra

Möller

2016

Marine Mammal Science

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Little is known about the ecology and behavior of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). This hinders assessment of their conservation status and informed decision‐making concerning their management. We used boat‐based surveys and photo‐identification data to investigate site fidelity, residency patterns, and the abundance of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins in Adelaide's coastal waters. Sighting rates and site fidelity varied amongst individuals, and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis led to the categorization of individuals into one of three groups: occasional visitors, seasonal residents, or year‐round residents. Lagged identification rates indicated that these dolphins used the study area regularly from year to year following a model of emigration and reimmigration. Abundance estimates obtained from multisample closed capture‐recapture models ranged from 95 individuals (SE ± 45.20) in winter 2013 to 239 (SE ± 54.91) in summer 2014. The varying levels of site fidelity and residency, and the relatively high number of dolphins found throughout the study area highlights the Adelaide metropolitan coast as an important habitat for bottlenose dolphins. As these dolphins also appear to spend considerable time outside the study area, future research, conservation, and management efforts on this population must take into account anthropogenic activities within Adelaide's coastal waters and their adjacencies.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. They are often characterized by multiple, parallel deep, and mostly clear-cut injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicopter induced propeller injuries

Madea

Schmidt

Doberentz

2015

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Case historyFollowing routine maintenance a military helicopter was returned to service. Due to negligence some hoses had not been connected correctly. The wrongly connected hoses resulted in a malfunction, causing the rotor blades of the helicopter to smash through the windows of the helicopter cockpit. Both the pilot and the co-pilot were hit by the rotor blades and decapitated. Other passengers in the helicopter were injured. Due to vibrations the helicopter fell to the ground and its tail partly broke away (Figs. 1, 2).The bodies and body parts of the pilot and co-pilot were found on the ground outside the helicopter cockpit. Autopsy findings Fatality 1The body was that of a 35-year-old man with a body length of 170 cm after decapitation. There was a complete decapitation concentrated at the skull cap (Figs. 3, 4) and the base of the skull was crushed. The brain had been torn out of the cranial cavity. The right arm was completely amputated and there were fractures at the left forearm as well as partial amputation of the left hand. The lungs were altered by blood aspiration. There was only faint postmortem lividity due to exsanguination.The cause of death was decapitation (and amputation of the right arm). Fatality 2The body was that of a 44-year-old man with a body length of 170 cm after decapitation. Autopsy revealed complete decapitation (Fig. 5) as well as a severe laceration of the right shoulder. Both hands were amputated (Fig. 6a, b). Multiple injuries resulted in exsanguination with subsequent faint postmortem lividity. The lungs exhibited blood inhalation. No indications for pre-existing diseases were found. The cause of death was decapitation.During the days following the crash further body parts (for example bone fragments from both skulls, fingers, parts of hands, and brains) originating from the killed pilot and the co-pilot were handed in for postmortem examination.

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Symmetry: the key to diagnosing propeller strike injuries in sea mammals

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Skin marks in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with artisanal fishery in the central Mediterranean Sea

Skin marks in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with artisanal fishery in the central Mediterranean Sea

Site fidelity, residency, and abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopssp.) in Adelaide's coastal waters, South Australia

Helicopter induced propeller injuries

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