2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.12.003
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Sympathetic activation in broadly defined generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract: The definition of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been narrowed in successive editions of DSM by emphasizing intrusive worry and deemphasizing somatic symptoms of hyperarousal. We tried to determine the clinical characteristics of more broadly defined chronically anxious patients, and whether they would show physiological signs of sympathetic activation. A group whose chief complaint was frequent, unpleasant tension over at least the last six weeks for which they desired treatment, was compared with a g… Show more

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Cited by 67 publications
(51 citation statements)
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“…Various studies reported increased sympathetic activity in depressed and anxious subjects compared with healthy controls, measured by different indices like spillover of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), skin conductance responses, QT interval variability (QTvi), or the pre-ejection period (PEP) (Light et al, 1998;Esler et al, 1982;Guinjoan et al, 1995;Gold et al, 2005;Koschke et al, 2009;Barton et al, 2007). However, other studies reported no association between psychopathology and SNS activity or reported decreased SNS activity in subjects with depressive or anxiety disorders (Wilkinson et al, 1998;Esler et al, 2004;Roth et al, 2008;Ahrens et al, 2008), so findings remain inconclusive. A first major source of confounding in studies comparing SNS activity between depressed/anxious subjects and controls might be the different SNS indices used, with some measuring true NE release whereas others measure organ responsivity, which may also be influence by changes in clearance, re-uptake, or adrenoceptor sensitivity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various studies reported increased sympathetic activity in depressed and anxious subjects compared with healthy controls, measured by different indices like spillover of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), skin conductance responses, QT interval variability (QTvi), or the pre-ejection period (PEP) (Light et al, 1998;Esler et al, 1982;Guinjoan et al, 1995;Gold et al, 2005;Koschke et al, 2009;Barton et al, 2007). However, other studies reported no association between psychopathology and SNS activity or reported decreased SNS activity in subjects with depressive or anxiety disorders (Wilkinson et al, 1998;Esler et al, 2004;Roth et al, 2008;Ahrens et al, 2008), so findings remain inconclusive. A first major source of confounding in studies comparing SNS activity between depressed/anxious subjects and controls might be the different SNS indices used, with some measuring true NE release whereas others measure organ responsivity, which may also be influence by changes in clearance, re-uptake, or adrenoceptor sensitivity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, endothelial dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular illness has been independently associated with higher rates of cardiac mortality (37)(38)(39). Endothelial dysfunction also has been reported in patients with elevated levels of anxiety, particularly in the elderly (40,41).…”
Section: Iran J Health Sci 2017; 5(4):mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A large body of empirical research indicates that psychophysiological characteristics influence the development of depressive and anxiety disorders (see Allen et al 2008 for a review). Many of these studies focus on components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in particular (e.g., Beauchaine 2001;Lin et al 2011;Pruneti et al 2010;Roth et al 2008;Thayer et al 1996). Multiple theoretical approaches characterize autonomic functioning as one biological indicator of temperamental risk for impaired adjustment, including psychopathology (Farmer 2005;Gray and McNaughton 2000;Kagan et al 1987;Nigg 2006).…”
Section: Autonomic Functioningmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Baseline levels of SCL have several implications for the development of internalizing symptoms. Abnormally high baseline SCL is linked to greater anxiety in participants reporting symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (Pruneti et al 2010;Roth et al 2008) as well as panic disorder (Doberenz et al 2010). It has been hypothesized that individuals with high baseline SCL devote too many resources to environmental demands, resulting in longer periods of sympathetic activation (i.e., heightened arousal) and heightened risk for subsequent anxiety (Roth et al 2008).…”
Section: Autonomic Functioningmentioning
confidence: 99%