Sympathetic Activity and Body Mass Index Contribute to Blood Pressure Levels.

Masuo, Kazuko; Mikami, Hiroshi; Itoh, M.; Ogihara, Toshio; Tuck, Michael L.

doi:10.1291/hypres.23.303

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…53 Some studies have also suggested that overeating and subsequent weight gain is responsible for sympathetic overactivity, 53,54 whereas others have shown that sympathetic overactivity might lead to excess weight. 20,55 In conclusion, this study indicates that a substantial proportion of young university adults indicated obesity, hypertension and tachycardia. We also show that the degree of adiposity (BMI) indicated significant and independent relationships with SBP, DBP and resting HR, but of the three cardiovascular variables, SBP indicated the strongest association with BMI in both genders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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We aimed at investigating whether the degree of adiposity is related to haemodynamic variables such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate (HR), and to haemodynamic abnormalities such as hypertension and resting tachycardia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among young students in Ebonyi State University, Nigeria. A total of 710 subjects (350 males and 360 females) aged 20-25 years were recruited for the study. Resting blood pressure and HR of subjects were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements. The observed prevalences in this study were as follows: overweight, 20% in males and 26% in females; obesity, 8% in males and 6% in females; hypertension, 17% in males and 14% in females; and resting tachycardia, 22% in males and 24% in females. In both genders, BMI showed significant correlations (Po0.001 or Po0.01 or Po0.05) with SBP, DBP and HR after controlling for age and physical activity status, and SBP indicated the strongest association with BMI. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension and tachycardia increased with an increase in BMI level, whereas overweight/obese subjects indicated significantly higher risk of hypertension than did the non-overweight/obese controls. The present findings therefore strengthen the previously reported usefulness of BMI in predicting cardiovascular risks and add to our understanding of the early development of obesity-related cardiovascular abnormalities in young adults and the need to prevent obesity early in life and to avoid its unfavourable lifethreatening consequences later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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“…This finding, together with those previous reports that the systemic renin-angiotensin system is activated by HF feeding, 22 suggests that AngII may contribute to the upregulation of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal medulla, and to the elevated plasma catecholamine levels observed in obese subjects. 39 In conclusion, this study shows that feeding obesity-prone SpragueDawley rats with a 60% HF diet for 24 weeks results in elevated BP, reduced daytime HR dipping and delayed cardiovascular post-stress recovery. In addition, HF diet feeding upregulates AT 1 receptors and NADPH oxidase subunits in the hypothalamus with a concomitant increase in NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production, possibly leading to superoxide-mediated sympathoexcitation and hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effect of high-fat diet feeding on hypothalamic redox signaling and central blood pressure regulation

et al. 2009

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We examined the effect of high-fat (HF) feeding on blood pressure (BP) regulation, including hypothalamic redox signaling, as well as the changes in diurnal patterns and responses to restraint stress. Furthermore, we investigated whether HF feeding affects catecholamine and neuropeptide Y (NPY) biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla. Male obesity-prone Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with standard rat chow or 60% HF diet for 6 months. BP and heart rate (HR) were measured by telemetry, and circadian changes as well as responses to 20 min restraint stress were analyzed. Mean arterial BP was significantly elevated in HF rats both during daytime and nighttime compared with controls, whereas HR was elevated only during the day. BP and HR increased similarly in response to stress in both experimental groups; however, post-stress recovery of BP and HR were significantly delayed in HF animals. Protein levels of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) and NOX2, p67 phox and p47 phox subunits of NADPH oxidase, as well as NADPH oxidase activity increased significantly in the hypothalamus with HF feeding, whereas levels of antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide synthases remained unchanged. In addition, HF diet also elevated the adrenomedullary protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and NPY. This study shows that feeding obesity-prone Sprague-Dawley rats with a HF diet results in elevated BP and HR and delayed cardiovascular post-stress recovery, and that these changes are paralleled by increases in the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase in the hypothalamus without a compensatory increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels, possibly leading to superoxide-mediated sympathoexcitation and hypertension.

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“…The association between norepinephrine and obesity is supported by our results and by previous studies in young people demonstrating that elevated plasma norepinephrine levels increase with the increase in BMI predicting the development of hypertension. 25 Moreover, subjects with a family history of obesity have been shown to be characterized by higher plasma norepinephrine and BP levels. 26 In the present study, subjects with daytime SH had higher urinary epinephrine levels, suggesting that adrenal medulla and peripheral sympathetic nervous system hyperactivities are associated with early BP elevations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathoadrenergic and metabolic factors are involved in ambulatory blood pressure rise in childhood obesity

et al. 2007

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We investigated in a young Italian obese population, the relationship between ambulatory BP (ABP) and several pathophysiological factors linking obesity to hypertension. A total of 89 obese children and adolescents underwent a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and an oral glucose tolerance test. The circulating levels of insulin, lipids, uric acid, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, renin and aldosterone and the 24-h urinary levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and albumin excretion rate were measured. Nine percent of subjects had daytime sustained hypertension (SH), 26 % night-time hypertension and 11 % a non-dipping pattern. SH subjects compared to those with sustained normotension (SN) were more obese (Po0.05), with a more frequent family history of hypertension (Po0.05), higher urinary catecholamine (Po0.05) and heart rate values (Po0.05) after adjustment for standard deviation score (SDS) of body mass index (BMI) and sex. Subjects with night-time hypertension compared to those with night-time normotension were more obese (Po0.0001), with a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (Po0.05) and metabolic syndrome (Po0.05) and higher 2-h glucose (Po0.05), uric acid (Po0.05) and triglycerides (Po0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, daytime systolic BP (SBP) remained independently correlated with urinary norepinephrine and SDS-BMI (Po0.05 for both), daytime diastolic BP (DBP) with waist circumference (Po0.05) and night-time SBP and DBP with SDS-BMI (Po0.01 for both). The risk of having systolic and diastolic hypertension increased with the increase in SDS-BMI and waist circumference, respectively. In conclusion, in our cohort of obese children and adolescents, daytime and night-time hypertension were associated with activation of the sympathoadrenal system and worst metabolic conditions, respectively.

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Sympathetic Activity and Body Mass Index Contribute to Blood Pressure Levels.

Cited by 61 publications

References 40 publications

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Effect of high-fat diet feeding on hypothalamic redox signaling and central blood pressure regulation

Sympathoadrenergic and metabolic factors are involved in ambulatory blood pressure rise in childhood obesity

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