Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Regulation of Rectal Motility in Rats

Ridolfi, Timothy J.; Tong, Weidong; Takahashi, Toshio; Kosinski, Lauren; Ludwig, Kirk

doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0999-z

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…30 Our results also correspond to findings in dogs, where damage to PN branches slowed down colonic transit, inhibited defecation reflex, 9 and resulted in diminished electrical activity. 35 To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in guinea pigs that actual changes are observed in colonic pellet propagation velocity in response to PN or IMG stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Our laboratory has produced a number of studies in a rat model, demonstrating that transection of parasympathetic PN significantly delayed colonic transit time, while the transection of sympathetic hypogastric nerve significantly increased colonic motility. 30 Response to parasympathetic nerve stimulation was abolished by muscarinic receptor blockade, while response to sympathetic nerve stimulation was abolished by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. 31 We also showed that the PN dissection significantly impaired colonic transit and colonic motility in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…31 We also showed that the PN dissection significantly impaired colonic transit and colonic motility in rats. 10,30 Thus, it is likely that extrinsic innervation, rather than intrinsic innervation, plays a major role in regulating colonic peristalsis of the rat colon. Peristaltic reflexes in response to stretch and mucosal stimulation are mediated via both extrinsic and intrinsic neurons of the rat colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52 Similarly, sympathetic nerve stimulation inhibits distal colorectal motility in several other animal models, including rabbits, 53 dogs 34 and rats. 30 It has been shown that alpha-2 receptor blockade accelerates colon transit and distal colonic motility 54 and alpha-2 receptor agonists decrease colonic activity in rats. 55,56 The inhibitory pre-junctional alpha-2 receptors have been shown in the guinea pig ileum, 57 dog small intestine 34 and guinea pig stomach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsColonic peristalsis is mainly regulated via intrinsic neurons in guinea pigs. However, autonomic regulation of colonic motility is poorly understood. We explored a guinea pig model for the study of extrinsic nerve effects on the distal colon. MethodsGuinea pigs were sacrificed, their distal colons isolated, preserving pelvic nerves (PN) and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG), and placed in a tissue bath. Fecal pellet propagation was conducted during PN and IMG stimulation at 10 Hz, 0.5 ms and 5 V. Distal colon was connected to a closed circuit system, and colonic motor responses were measured during PN and IMG stimulation. ResultsPN stimulation increased pellet velocity to 24.6 ± 0.7 mm/sec (n = 20), while IMG stimulation decreased it to 2.0 ± 0.2 mm/sec (n = 12), compared to controls (13.0 ± 0.7 mm/sec, P ＜ 0.01). In closed circuit experiments, PN stimulation increased the intraluminal pressure, which was abolished by atropine (10 −6 M) and hexamethonium (10 −4 M). PN stimulation reduced the incidence of non-coordinated contractions induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 −4 M). IMG stimulation attenuated intraluminal pressure increase, which was partially reversed by alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine; 10 −6 M). Conclusions

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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“…8,37,38 Compensatory mechanisms occur after ANS denervation in order to reestablish intestinal function under a variety of conditions and include (1) an upregulation of gastrointestinal (GI) receptor expression, (2) compensation by the nondenervated ANS branch and (3) enteric nervous system modulation. For example, PNS denervation initially decreases intestinal motility, 39 a process which is heavily mediated by serotonin. 40 PNS denervation has also been shown to reduce the amount of 5-HT-3 positive serotonergic nerve fibers in the GI tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effect of parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis

Davis

Washington

Yaniz

et al. 2017

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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This study investigates the long-term effect of autonomic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell turnover, as measured by proliferation, apoptosis, and total cell number. Although previous research has established that autonomic denervation can alter intestinal epithelial turnover under short-term conditions, here we establish for the first time that these changes do not persist long-term when you control for surgical-induced changes in food intake and use targeted denervation procedures. These findings add to the base of knowledge on autonomic control of tissue turnover, highlight the ability of the intestinal epithelium to recover after autonomic injury and reveal possible implications of the use of ANS denervation for disease treatment in humans. AbstractIntestinal epithelial tissue is constantly regenerated as a means to maintain proper tissue function. Previous studies have demonstrated that denervation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system to the intestine alters this process. However, results are inconsistent between studies, showing both increases and decreases in proliferation after denervation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic. The effect appears to correlate with (1) the timing post-denervation, (2) denervation-induced changes in food intake, (3) the denervation technique used, and (4) which intestinal segment is investigated. Thus, we proposed that parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation does not have an effect on intestinal epithelial regeneration when you (1) evaluate denervation after long-term denervation, (2) control for post-surgical changes in food intake, (3) use minimally invasive surgical techniques and (4) include a segmental analysis. To test this, adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent parasympathetic denervation via subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, sympathetic denervation via celiacomesenteric ganglionectomy, a parasympathetic denervation sham surgery, or a sympathetic denervation sham surgery. Sham surgery ad libitum-fed groups and sham surgery pair-fed groups were used to control for surgically induced changes in food intake. Three weeks post-surgery, animals were sacrificed and tissue from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was excised and immunohistochemically processed to visualize indicators of proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) and apoptosis (caspase-3-positive cells). Results showed no differences between groups in proliferation, apoptosis, or total cell number in any intestinal segment. These results suggest that parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation does not have a significant long-term effect on intestinal epithelial turnover. Thus, intestinal epithelial regeneration is able to recover after autonomic nervous system injury.

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Excretory Functions of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Defecation

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2018

Gastrointestinal Physiology

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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Regulation of Rectal Motility in Rats

Abstract: Rectal motility is significantly altered by sectioning or stimulating either HGN or PN. This model may be useful in studying how sacral nerve stimulation exerts its effects and provide insight into the maladies of colonic motility.

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Long-term effect of parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis

Excretory Functions of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Defecation

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