Sympathetic beta adrenergic vasodilatation in skeletal muscle of the dog

Viveros, O. Humberto; Garlick, D; Renkin, Eugene M.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.5.1218

Cited by 58 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…That these changes are partly of neurogenic origin is apparent from studies showing that an isometric contraction of a limited muscle group produces an instantaneous and quite large increase in the variables mentioned (Tuttle with muscle activation might thus be induced by sympathetic fl-adrenergic effects. The possibility of such a mechanism is supported by the finding that under a-adrenergic blockade, sympathetic stimulation decreases vascular resistance in the dog (Viveros, Garlick & Renkin, 1968). However, at the present time, it is not possible to exclude the contention that also in man vasodilatation might be produced by sympathetic cholinergic mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of regional alpha‐ and beta‐adrenergic blockade on blood flow in the resting forearm during contralateral isometric handgrip.

Eklund¹,

Kaijser²

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In a previous study we have shown that an isometric handgrip is accompanied by a rapid decrease in vascular resistance in the resting (contralateral) forearm, lasting for about 1 min, which in all probability is neurogenic.2. In the present study the distribution of the vasodilatation was investigated by analysing 02 saturation in a deep vein, draining mainly muscle tissue. Some possible neurogenic mechanisms for the vasodilatation were tested by repeating the handgrip after local f,-and a-adrenergic blockade of the resting forearm with propranolol and phentolamine, respectively.3. Without blockades the forearm vascular resistance decreased and the deep vein 02 saturation increase to similar degrees on contralateral handgrip. Propranolol markedly reduced both the decrease in resistance and the increase in deep vein 02 saturation. Phentolamine did not alter the initial decrease in resistance, but with phentolamine resistance continued to decrease after 1 min.4. It is concluded that the rapid decrease in vascular resistance in the resting forearm on contralateral handgrip takes place, to a great extent, in muscle. It is mediated by neurogenic fi-adrenergic mechanisms and if the contraction is prolonged it gradually changes to a vasoconstriction mediated by ac-adrenergic mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of regional alpha‐ and beta‐adrenergic blockade on blood flow in the resting forearm during contralateral isometric handgrip.

Eklund¹,

Kaijser²

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Animal experiments suggest that it is rather small. Thus in the dog hind limb under a-receptor blockade supramaximal sympathetic stimulation reduces vascular resistance at the most by about 35 per cent (Gerova & Gero, 1968 (Viveros, Garlick & Renkin, 1968). …”

Section: Restmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow in resting (contralateral) arm and leg during isometric contraction

Eklund¹,

Kaijser²,

Knutsson³

1974

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Blood flow in resting forearm and calf were measured plethysmographically in healthy young men during isometric contraction performed both as a handgrip and as a dorsiflexion of the foot. The isometric contraction was maintained for 2 min at one third maximal voluntary contraction for the handgrip and half maximal voluntary contraction for the dorsiflexion of the foot. In some experiments the possible influence on blood flow of inadvertent muscle activation in the resting limb was checked by recording the e.m.g.2. Both handgrip and dorsiflexion of the foot produced substantial increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure, the pressure rise being almost linear with time throughout the contraction.3. Isometric contraction produced a rapid increase in forearm blood flow which reached a maximum on average two and a half times the resting value after 1 min and then declined slightly. Similar increases in forearm blood flow were produced by handgrip and dorsiflexion of the foot.4. Unlike in the resting forearm, the blood flow in the resting calf increased only slightly during the first minute of contraction and then decreased again to the resting level.5. The flow increase in the resting limbs could not be ascribed to inadvertent muscle activation as judged from the e.m.g. recordings.6. It is concluded that isometric muscle contraction produces a rapid increase in blood flow in the resting forearm, but only a very slight flow increase in the calf. Since the flow increased faster than the arterial pressure it must to a certain extent be induced by active neurogenic vasodilatation. Similarly, the relative flow decrease during the latter half of the contraction concomitantly with a progressively rising arterial pressure suggests that the neurogenic effect on the resistance vessels changes character, becoming more vasoconstrictive, and this might be related to increased effort in sustaining the contraction.

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“…It is present within the presynaptic vesicles of the sympathetic neurons and a correlation between DBH activity and the activity of peripheral noradrenergic neurons exists, because DBH is released with norepinephrine via exocytosis (Viveros et al, 1968;Axelrod, 1972). DBH has a longer half-life than the catecholamines and traditionally was easier to measure (Rush and Griffen, 1972).…”

Section: Dopamine-beta-hydroxylasementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

Siervogel

1983

American J Phys Anthropol

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The health significance of essential hypertension (high blood pressure of undefined origin) is well established. It is a major factor contributing to coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. It directly affects about one in five Americans. Factors which are known to be associated with blood pressure include: body composition as it relates to overall mass and fat mass; physiological variables involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; biochemical variables such as renin, aldosterone, kallikrein, lipids, and lipoproteins, etc.; environmental variables such as sodium intake, heavy metals, and noise; and psychological variables involving personality type and mental stress.There is a definite, well-established genetic involvement in hypertension, but specific genetic mechanisms remain a mystery. Familial aggregation occurs for many of the associated traits listed above. For some, specific polymorphic major genes have been identified, but for others genetic factors are unidentified. Essential hypertension is undoubtedly a heterogeneous group of diseases with the common end result of elevated blood pressure. Because of its health significance, there is considerable interest in identifying genetic mechanisms resulting in essential hypertension. One area that currently shows some potential for the identification of a specific genetic mechanism is related to the transmembrane transport of sodium and potassium cations.A genetic component has long been suspected in essential hypertension, but a clear and definitive genetic mechanism has yet to be identified. Since there are many variables that can affect blood pressure, this review of the genetics of essential hypertension necessarily involves a discussion of related traits. Before focusing on the genetic and familial aspects of hypertension a description of the normal course of human blood pressure is presented and some of the traits related to it are discussed. NATURAL HISTORY OF BLOOD PRESSUREUntil recently, reports describing blood pressure patterns during the neonatal period were relatively few, largely because of the difficulty of accurately measuring blood pressure in infants by noninvasive techniques. The ultrasonic technique utilizing the Doppler effect greatly facilitated noninvasive systolic blood pressure determination in infants (McLaughlin et al., 1971). Accurate automatic methods are currently available using the oscillometric principal coupled with a microcomputer and a standard limb blood presure cuff (Friesen and Lichtor, 1981). Even in adults newer methods are being developed (Wolthuis et al., 1981).© 1983 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol.26,1983 Systolic blood pressure tends to increase sharply during the first two weeks of life from a mean of 70 mmHg at 2 days to 84 mmHg at 2 weeks. It continues to increase at a slightly slower rate over the next 4 weeks to a mean of about 93 mmHg at 6 weeks (Earley et aI., 1980); from 6 weeks to 1 year af age there is little change in systolic pressure (deSwiet et aI., 1975(deSwiet et ...

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Sympathetic beta adrenergic vasodilatation in skeletal muscle of the dog

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of regional alpha‐ and beta‐adrenergic blockade on blood flow in the resting forearm during contralateral isometric handgrip.

Effect of regional alpha‐ and beta‐adrenergic blockade on blood flow in the resting forearm during contralateral isometric handgrip.

Blood flow in resting (contralateral) arm and leg during isometric contraction

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

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