Sympathetic cooling of a radio-frequency LC circuit to its ground state in an optoelectromechanical system

Abstract

We present a complete theory for laser cooling of a macroscopic radio-frequency LC electrical circuit by means of an optoelectromechanical system, consisting of an optical cavity dispersively coupled to a nanomechanical oscillator, which is in turn capacitively coupled to the LC circuit of interest. The driven optical cavity cools the mechanical resonator, which in turn sympathetically cools the LC circuit. We determine the optimal parameter regime where the LC resonator can be cooled down to its quantum ground state, which requires a large optomechanical cooperativity, and a larger electromechanical cooperativity. Moreover, comparable optomechanical and electromechanical coupling rates are preferable for reaching the quantum ground state.

Nonreciprocal conversion between radio-frequency and optical photons with an optoelectromechanical system

“…Such a configuration can be realized for example in the membrane-in-the-middle (MIM) optomechanical system case [58][59][60][61][62], i.e., a driven optical Fabry-Perót cavity with a thin semitransparent membrane inside. The membrane is metalized [39,43,44,48,63,64] and capacitively coupled via an electrode to an LC resonant circuit formed by a coil and additional capacitors, see Fig. 1.…”

Low Noise Opto-Electro-Mechanical Modulator for RF-to-Optical Transduction in Quantum Communications

“…The easiest way to bridge the enormous energy gap is to use a mediator simultaneously coupled to both mw/rf and optical modes. There have been a variety of proposals using different kinds of mediating systems, including opto-electro-mechanical systems [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], atomic ensembles [18][19][20][21], electro-optical systems [22][23][24][25][26][27] and magnons [28].…”

“…In opto-electro-mechanical platforms, a mechanical resonator is coupled to mw/rf photons either capacitively [5][6][7][8][9][14][15][16][17] or via the piezoelectric effect [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and dispersively via radiation pressure with the optical mode(s). Here, we shall focus on these platforms, which present a high degree of flexibility.…”

“…Electro-mechanical capacitive coupling is instead used in cases of metalized membranes [5][6][7][8][9][14][15][16][17] which, with an in-front electrode, may be placed within an optical Fabry-Perot cavity for radiation-pressure coupling. The metalized membrane and the electrode form a capacitor of an LC resonator whose rf photons are modulated by the membrane motion.…”

Synchronization of a superconducting qubit to an optical field mediated by a mechanical resonator

“…A wide range of experiments have also demonstrated the fabrication of mechanical oscillators coupled to optical cavities [5][6][7][8][9], and mechanical resonators integrated into microwave circuits [10][11][12][13]. This has led to hybrid optoelectromechanical (OEM) systems, consisting of both optical and electrical elements coupled via a common mechanical membrane, which facilitate the study of quantum properties like entanglement [14,15], state-transfer [16,17], and groundstate cooling [18,19].…”