Sympathetic ophthalmia: a review of literature

Chaithanyaa, Nemaly; Devireddy, Sathya Kumar; Kumar, Ramaiah Vinay; Gali, Raja Sekhar; Aneja, Vikas

doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.036

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These antigens may induce a cell-mediated immune response. Lymphatics have also been suggested to play a role in the development of sympathetic ophthalmia [19, 20]. When ocular injury occurs, uveal tissue is exposed to conjunctival lymphatics, and antigens move to the regional lymph nodes, causing a cell-mediated immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Pathology of Sympathetic Ophthalmia Presented in a Unique Case

Chen¹,

Aronow²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

TOOPHTJ

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The ocular pathology of sympathetic ophthalmia is demonstrated in a 10 year-old boy who sustained a penetrating left globe injury and subsequently developed sympathetic ophthalmia in the right eye two months later. Two and a half weeks following extensive surgical repair of the left ruptured globe, he developed endophthalmitis and was treated with oral and topical fortified antibiotics. One month after the initial injury, a progressive corneal ulcer of the left eye led to perforation and the need for emergent corneal transplantation. The surgical specimen revealed fungus, Scedosporium dehoogii. The boy received systemic and topical anti-fungal therapy. Two months following the penetrating globe injury of the left eye, a granulomatous uveitis developed in the right eye. Sympathetic ophthalmia was suspected and the patient began treatment with topical and oral corticosteroids. Given the concern of vision loss secondary to sympathetic ophthalmia in the right eye, as well as poor vision and hypotony in the injured eye, the left eye was enucleated. Microscopically, granulomatous inflammation with giant cells was noted within a cyclitic membrane which filled the anterior and posterior chamber of the left globe. Other classic features including Dalen-Fuchs nodules were identified. Small, choroidal, ill-defined granulomas and relative sparing of the choriocapillaris were present. Molecular analysis did not identify evidence of remaining fungal infection. The pathology findings were consistent with previously described features of sympathetic ophthalmia. The present case is unique in that co-existing fungal infection may have potentiated the risk for developing sympathetic ophthalmia in the fellow eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Pathology of Sympathetic Ophthalmia Presented in a Unique Case

Chen¹,

Aronow²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

TOOPHTJ

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show abstract

“…For example, sympathetic ophthalmia occurs after traumatic injury to one eyeball, and inflammation can occur within the ocular tissues of both eyeballs. If not treated promptly with corticosteroids or enucleation of the injured eye, blindness can occur in both eyes [65]. Rhabdomyolysis is an acute muscle cell injury caused by various factors such as infections with influenza or measles, physical injuries, and drugs as well as in ARDS [66,67].…”

Section: Histopathologic Findings and Unresolved Issues In Ardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy

Lee

2017

IJMS

125

113

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by infectious insults, such as pneumonia from various pathogens or related to other noninfectious events. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics are similar across severely affected patients, suggesting that a common mode of immune reaction may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ARDS. There may be etiologic substances that have an affinity for respiratory cells and induce lung cell injury in cases of ARDS. These substances originate not only from pathogens, but also from injured host cells. At the molecular level, these substances have various sizes and biochemical characteristics, classifying them as protein substances and non-protein substances. Immune cells and immune proteins may recognize and act on these substances, including pathogenic proteins and peptides, depending upon the size and biochemical properties of the substances (this theory is known as the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis). The severity or chronicity of ARDS depends on the amount of etiologic substances with corresponding immune reactions, the duration of the appearance of specific immune cells, or the repertoire of specific immune cells that control the substances. Therefore, treatment with early systemic immune modulators (corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin) as soon as possible may reduce aberrant immune responses in the potential stage of ARDS.

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“…The historical example is sympathetic ophthalmia. After traumatic injury to one eyeball, inflammation can occur within both ocular tissues [ 9 ]. Thus, substances which induce inflammation of normal eye tissues may originate from injured eyeball tissue cells, and they may reach target cells in the opposite eye via systemic circulation.…”

Section: Cells Their Receptors and Binding Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Immunopathogenesis Mechanism for Infectious Diseases: The Protein-Homeostasis-System Hypothesis

Lee

2015

Infect Chemother

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It was once believed that host cell injury in various infectious diseases is caused solely by pathogens themselves; however, it is now known that host immune reactions to the substances from the infectious agents and/or from the injured host cells by infectious insults are also involved. All biological phenomena in living organisms, including biochemical, physiological and pathological processes, are performed by the proteins that have various sizes and shapes, which in turn are controlled by an interacting network within the living organisms. The author proposes that this network is controlled by the protein homeostasis system (PHS), and that the immune system is one part of the PHS of the host. Each immune cell in the host may recognize and respond to substances, including pathogenic proteins (PPs) that are toxic to target cells of the host, in ways that depend on the size and property of the PPs. Every infectious disease has its own set of toxic substances, including PPs, associated with disease onset, and the PPs and the corresponding immune cells may be responsible for the inflammatory processes that develop in those infectious diseases.

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Sympathetic ophthalmia: a review of literature

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Classical Pathology of Sympathetic Ophthalmia Presented in a Unique Case

Classical Pathology of Sympathetic Ophthalmia Presented in a Unique Case

Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy

A Common Immunopathogenesis Mechanism for Infectious Diseases: The Protein-Homeostasis-System Hypothesis

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