Sympathetic skin response--a method of assessing unmyelinated axon dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies.

Shahani, Bhagwan T.; Halperin, John J.; Boulu, P; Cohen, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.5.536

Cited by 556 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…17 ± 27 Results have generally shown that SSR is an interesting diagnostic tool to assess dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, although extensive damage has to be achieved before SSR can reveal a dysfunction. Paradoxally, results have also shown that SSR was poorly correlated with signs of dysautonomia, 4,19,25 a ®nding which was interpreted to suggest that SSR may be sensitive to autonomic dysfunction before damage is su cient to reveal clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Born from a combination of galvanic skin responses 1 and microneurography, 2 SSR has allowed recording of neural activity originating from type C unmyelinated sympathetic ®bers. 3,4 The earlier GSR procedure was used to measure changes in skin resistance in response to simple stimuli such as an emotional response, a sudden noise or a deep breath. The responses were recorded from surface electrodes which made the procedure easy to investigate underlying sympathetic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SSR procedure, developed by Knezevic et al 3 and Shanani et al 4 , combined the advantages of the two earlier ones and involves electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve and recording from surface electrodes. The technique, used by many authors since, measures changes in skin voltage and recording from surface electrodes placed on the hands 5,6 and feet 5,6 and was later adapted to include genital recording as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympathetic skin responses and psychogenic erections in spinal cord injured men

et al. 1998

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Sympathetic skin responses (SSR) are a simple procedure to investigate sympathetic activity. More speci®cally, SSR elicited from median nerve stimulation and recorded from the feet and genitals assess sympathetic activity resulting from thoracic-lumbar (TL) innervation. Since TL innervation is also involved in the mediation of psychogenic erection in spinal cord injured men, this study investigated the relationship between SSR and psychogenic erection in spinal cord injured subjects. The results support a general association between SSR and psychogenic erection and show that subjects who maintain SSR responses in the feet and genitals generally maintain psychogenic erections as well. Inconsistent cases are discussed from a theoretical and clinical perspective and overall results are discussed in terms of their clinical application in the evaluation of sexual function in spinal cord injured men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympathetic skin responses and psychogenic erections in spinal cord injured men

et al. 1998

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“…Shahani et al 1 reported that waveform analysis of the potential change at the palm and sole, i.e. the sympathetic skin response (SSR), induced by electrical stimulation was useful for evaluating the function of sympathetic nerve postganglionic unmyelinated fibres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Skin Response in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Ogura¹,

Kubo²,

Lee³

et al. 2004

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)

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either the upper or lower limbs. In patients with a thoracic cord injury, some responded at the upper limbs but none at the lower limbs; some responded at neither upper nor the lower limbs; and some responded at both upper and lower limbs. The conducting pathway of sympathetic skin response in the spinal cord for the upper limbs descends to the upper thoracic cord (T4-6), and the conducting pathway for the lower limbs departs from the spinal cord at the lower thoracic cord (T9-10). Conclusion. It appears that sympathetic skin response should be used for the evaluation and morbid investigation of the functional abnormalities of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with spinal cord lesions such as spinal cord injuries, cervical spondylosis, and spinal canal stenosis.

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“…SSR is a standard method of evaluating the autonomic innervation of the skin. 3,4 The cavernous nerves contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers derived from the pelvic plexus. Injury to the cavernous nerves, such as may occur during pelvic surgery, is likely to damage both the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, since they are commingled within the nerve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evoked cavernous activity: measuring penile autonomic innervation following pelvic surgery

et al. 2005

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To assess cavernous nerve integrity, we measured evoked cavernous activity (ECA) in 16 men who underwent nerve sparing radical prostatectomy (NS group) and 11 men who underwent non-nervesparing surgery (non-NS group). The right median nerve was electrically stimulated and ECA was recorded with two concentric electromyography needles placed into the right and left cavernous bodies. We simultaneously recorded hand and foot sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) as controls. All subjects had recordable SSR, and all subjects following nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy had reproducible ECA. Of the 11 non-NS subjects, eight had no response, indicating interrupted corporal innervation. Three subjects had reproducible ECA, one of whom had a very late latency, suggesting residual innervation was present. The mean latencies of ECA were similar to foot SSR mean latencies (P40.05), but not to hand SSR latencies. The non-NS group was significantly different from the NS group for the presence of ECA (Po0.001). ECA is a viable method of evaluating the autonomic innervation of the penis.

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Sympathetic skin response--a method of assessing unmyelinated axon dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies.

Cited by 556 publications

References 23 publications

Sympathetic skin responses and psychogenic erections in spinal cord injured men

Sympathetic skin responses and psychogenic erections in spinal cord injured men

Sympathetic Skin Response in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Evoked cavernous activity: measuring penile autonomic innervation following pelvic surgery

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