Sympatric Sibling Species from Three Phenotypically Distinct Asteromyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Galls on the Same Host Plant Species

Crego, Cathryn L.; Weis, Arthur E.; Polans, Neil O.; Bretz, Carolyn K.

doi:10.1093/aesa/83.2.149

Cited by 20 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Also, a clear effect of insect genotype, rather than plant genotype, in determining variation in gall form between closely related species has been demonstrated in tephritid flies (Dodson 1991; see also Crego et al 1990). By contrast, influences of plant genotype on the form and presence of galls appear to be limited to effects on gall size (Price and Clancy 1986;Weis 1996) and the ability of some plant species to resist galling (e.g., Abrahamson et al 1991; see also Abrahamson and Weis 1997) or selectively abcise galled leaves (Williams and Whitham 1986).…”

Section: Mean Contrast (So)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Analysis of Gall Morphology in Australian Gall Thrips: The Evolution of Extended Phenotypes

Crespi

Worobey

1998

Evolution

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Abstract.-We used a combination of morphometric, phylogenetic, and life-history information to analyze the evolution and possible adaptive significance of gall morphology in a clade of 24 species of gall-inducing thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) on Australian Acacia trees. Principal components analysis revealed that galls varied in morphology along two main axes, spherical versus elongate (PC1) and general size (PC2). A high degree of conservation of gall shape on an independently derived phylogeny of the insects and the presence of nine species of Acacia each bearing two or three morphologically disparate gall forms induced by different thrips species indicate that interspecific variation in gall form is determined predominantly by the insects. Character optimization of PCl on the phylogeny of gall thrips suggested that the ancestral gall form was a simple roll or curl. The diversification of gall form involved four main processes: (1) the convergent evolution of relatively spherical galls in two clades; (2) the evolution of small elongate and hemispherical galls in one clade; (3) the evolution of a lobed interior in a species with a spherical gall and multiple within-gall generations; and (4) the evolution of intraspecific gall polymorphism in a clade of apparent sibling species. Comparative analyses indicated that gall sphericity was associated with the presence of physogastry (foundress hyperfecundity) and that small elongate and hemispherical forms may be associated with the presence of multiple generations in a gall and, perhaps, with the presence of soldier castes. The evolution of a lobed interior in one species, which greatly increases inner surface area, coincided with the evolution of multiple generations. In the clade with intraspecific gall polymorphism in some species, patterns of intraspecific variation mirror patterns of interspecific variation within the clade as a whole. This is the first study to analyze the evolution of gall size and shape in a phylogenetic context and to investigate the life-history correlates of evolutionary changes in gall form. Taken together, our findings indicate that the main selective pressures driving the evolution of gall form in Australian gall thrips on Acacia involve inner surface area to volume relationships, which change in concert with foundress fecundity and the number of within-gall generations.Key words.-Adaptation, extended phenotypes, gall morphology, gall thrips, phylogeny.Received November 5, 1997.The presence and phenotype of galls, growths on plants induced by insects or microorganisms, reflect a conflict of interest between the plant, which suffers nutrient loss due to the parasitism, and the galler, which gains from the acquisition of food in a more-or-less protected microhabitat (e.g., Mayr 1963, pp. 196-197;Price et al. 1987). As in other conflict situations, the expressed form of the conflict depends on the benefits and costs to each party, the available variation across which selection optimizes, and who controls different aspects of the interacti...

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Section: Mean Contrast (So)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Analysis of Gall Morphology in Australian Gall Thrips: The Evolution of Extended Phenotypes

Crespi

Worobey

1998

Evolution

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“…Indeed, COI divergence levels of 8.7 and 15.9%, respectively, within these two pairs of apparent sibling species suggest that they have maintained morphological stasis for millions of years. Sibling species appear to be common in gall-forming insects in general (e.g., Crego et al, 1990;Dodson, 1991;Price, 1992), perhaps as a consequence of their claustral domiciles.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of Social Behavior in Australian Gall-Forming Thrips: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence, Adult Morphology and Behavior, and Gall Morphology

Crespi

Carmean

Mound

et al. 1998

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…The association between gall morphology and gall inducers’ phylogeny is similar to that described in thrips (Crespi & Worobey, ), wasps (Stone & Cook, ) and sawflies (Nyman et al ., ). Some previous studies on the potential mechanisms of gall formation demonstrated that insect genotype, rather than plant genotype, determine the variation in gall formation (Crego et al ., ; Dodson, ; Höglund et al ., ). In addition, the selection of galling‐site, which is determined by the fundatrix of aphid species, was confirmed by previous researches (Inbar & Wool, ; Inbar, ; Wool, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary relationships of Pemphigus and allied genera (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) and their primary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola

Liu

Huang

et al. 2014

Insect Science

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Aphids harbor primary endosymbionts, Buchnera aphidicola, in specialized cells within their body cavities. Aphids and Buchnera have strict mutualistic relationships in nutrition exchange. This ancient association has received much attention from researchers who are interested in endosymbiotic evolution. Previous studies have found parallel phylogenetic relationships between non-galling aphids and Buchnera at lower taxonomic levels (genus, species). To understand whether relatively isolated habitats such as galls have effect on the parallel relationships between aphids and Buchnera, the present paper investigated the phylogenetic relationships of gall aphids from Pemphigus and allied genera, which induce pseudo-galls or galls on Populus spp. (poplar) and Buchnera. The molecular phylogenies inferred from three aphid genes (COI, COII and EF-1α) and two Buchnera genes (gnd, 16S rRNA gene) indicated significant congruence between aphids and Buchnera at generic as well as interspecific levels. Interestingly, both aphid and Buchnera phylogenies supported three main clades corresponding to the galling locations of aphids, namely leaf, the joint of leaf blade and petiole, and branch of the host plant. The results suggest phylogenetic conservatism of gall characters, which indicates gall characters are more strongly affected by aphid phylogeny, rather than host plants.

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Sympatric Sibling Species from Three Phenotypically Distinct Asteromyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Galls on the Same Host Plant Species

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative Analysis of Gall Morphology in Australian Gall Thrips: The Evolution of Extended Phenotypes

Comparative Analysis of Gall Morphology in Australian Gall Thrips: The Evolution of Extended Phenotypes

Phylogenetics of Social Behavior in Australian Gall-Forming Thrips: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence, Adult Morphology and Behavior, and Gall Morphology

Evolutionary relationships of Pemphigus and allied genera (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) and their primary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola

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