Symptom structure of antipsychotic-induced obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia patients

Relationship of obsessive compulsive symptoms/disorder with clozapine: A retrospective study from a multispeciality tertiary care centre

“…The sample sizes of these studies have varied from 41 to 200 and these studies suggest that 0-28.4% of patients have new symptoms of OCS/OCD while receiving clozapine (Ertugrul et al, 2005;de Haan et al, 1999de Haan et al, , 2004Ghaemi et al, 1995;Baker et al, 1992;Mahendran et al, 2007;Lin et al, 2006;Mukhopadhaya et al, 2009;Sa et al, 2009;Bleakley et al, 2011;Doyle et al, 2014). Some studies suggest that presence of OCS/OCD may be related to the severity of primary illness, higher doses of clozapine administered and the longer duration of clozapine use (Lin et al, 2006;Schirmbeck et al, 2011;Schirmbeck and Zink, 2013); however, others have reported no such association (Ertugrul et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2012). Some studies suggest that development of OCS/OCD may be related to plasma concentration of clozapine (Lin et al, 2006) and motoric impairment (Mukhopadhaya et al, 2009).…”

“…Many studies have evaluated phenomenology of OCS associated with clozapine and have tried to compare the same with patients with OCD. However there is no consensus as to whether the phenomenology OCS/OCD induced by clozapine differ from that seen in patients of schizophrenia or that of OCD (Doyle et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2012). The commonly reported de novo OCS include obsessive doubts (Doyle et al, 2014), forbidden thoughts of aggressive or sexual content, contamination and hoarding (Kim et al, 2012).…”

“…However there is no consensus as to whether the phenomenology OCS/OCD induced by clozapine differ from that seen in patients of schizophrenia or that of OCD (Doyle et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2012). The commonly reported de novo OCS include obsessive doubts (Doyle et al, 2014), forbidden thoughts of aggressive or sexual content, contamination and hoarding (Kim et al, 2012). Some of the studies have suggested that phenomenology of de novo OCS associated with clozapine is similar to that seen in patients with OCD alone (Kim et al, 2012).…”

“…The commonly reported de novo OCS include obsessive doubts (Doyle et al, 2014), forbidden thoughts of aggressive or sexual content, contamination and hoarding (Kim et al, 2012). Some of the studies have suggested that phenomenology of de novo OCS associated with clozapine is similar to that seen in patients with OCD alone (Kim et al, 2012). Other studies have shown that phenomenology of de novo OCS associated with clozapine differ from those with OCD, with obsessive doubts being more common in clozapine induced OCD (Doyle et al, 2014).…”

“…Pharmacogenomic studies have reported that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various psychotropics vary across various ethnic groups (Silva, 2013) and as there is some evidence of OCS/OCD to be linked to the dose and duration of clozapine use, there is a need to evaluate this relationship in all the ethnicities. There is a limited data from Asian countries (Kim et al, 2012) and there is no study from India which has evaluated this relationship. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to (1) to study the prevalence of OCS/OCD in patients with schizophrenia/affective disorder receiving clozapine; (2) to study the course of OCS and treatment used for management of OCS/OCD in patients; (3) to study the emergence of OCS/OCD associated with clozapine; (4) to study the phenomenology of OCS/OCD associated with clozapine.…”