Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection by a Phylogenetically Distinct Strain

Elslande, Jan Van; Vermeersch, Pieter; Vandervoort, Kris; Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony; Vanmechelen, Bert; Wollants, Elke; Laenen, Lies; André, Emmanuel; Ranst, Marc Van; Lagrou, Katrien; Maes, Piet

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1330

Cited by 261 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although a rare event, several cases evidenced by a phylogenetically distinct strain of SARS COV-2 have now been demonstrated. [6][7][8] These reinfections have been shown to occur several months after the 1st episode. Knowing that our population consisted of 27% of health care workers, the hypothesis of a reinfection cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, virological and imaging profile in patients with prolonged forms of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Salmon‐Céron

Slama

Broucker

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, virological and imaging profile in patients with prolonged forms of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Salmon‐Céron

Slama

Broucker

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection

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“…For staff members, the presence of IgG most likely means they are unlikely to get reinfected in the next months and spread the virus. While it has been demonstrated using full-length genome sequencing that individuals can be reinfected [17,18], a recent study in Qatar where an estimated 50% of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 suggests the rate of reinfection in an intense re-exposure setting is very low (less than 0.1% suspected reinfections 1.5 to 4 months after the first infection) [19]. From an epidemiological perspective, staffing nursing homes with staff who tested positive for IgG could help bring down the high case-fatality rates [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in a Flemish nursing home during an acute COVID-19 outbreak in April 2020

Buntinx

Claes²,

Gulikers³

et al. 2020

Acta Clinica Belgica

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Objectives: To examine the added value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in a nursing home during an acute COVID-19 outbreak. RT-PCR is the gold standard, but can be falsenegative. Methods: 119 residents and 93 staff members were tested with RT-PCR test and/or a rapid IgM/ IgG test. Of these participants, 176 had both tests, 24 only RT-PCR, and 12 only IgM/IgG in the period April 14 to 16 April 2020. Results: 40 (34%) residents and 11 (13%) staff were PCR-positive. Using a rapid IgM/IgG test, 17 (17%) residents and 18 (20%) staff were positive for IgM and/or IgG (IgM/IgG). Thirty-two PCRpositive residents had an IgM/IgG test: 9 (28%), 11 (34%), and 13 (41%) were positive for IgM, IgG, and IgM/IgG. Ten PCR-positive staff had an IgM/IgG test: 3 (30%), 6 (60%), and 6 (60%) were positive for IgM, IgG, and IgM/IgG. Additional IgM/IgG tests were performed in 9 residents 11 to 14 days after the positive RT-PCR test. Of those, 7 (78%) tested positive for IgM/IgG. When retested 3 weeks later, the 2 remaining residents also tested positive. Of the 134 PCR-negative participants who had an IgM/IgG test, 15 were positive for IgM/IgG (8% of the 200 participants tested with RT-PCR). Conclusions: During an acute outbreak in a nursing home, 26% of residents and staff were PCR-positive. An additional 8% was diagnosed using IgM/IgG antibody testing. The use of RT-PCR alone as the sole diagnostic method for surveillance during an acute outbreak is insufficient to grab the full extent of the outbreak.

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“…Van Elslande et al provide some evidence for a repeat infection after a 3-month interval [93]. A comparison of diagnostic samples suggested repeat infection with phylogenetically distinct strain detections.…”

Section: Translational Case Studies and Their Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19

Cimolai

2020

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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Until either efficacious therapy or vaccination for COVID-19 is achieved, there will be a need to regain world economic stability while yet controlling the pandemic with current approaches. For those infected thus far, there is a prevailing perspective that devising recognition for protective immunity will progressively allow segments of society to return to some functionality more than is existing. At this time, the best correlates with protection from natural coronavirus infections are systemic neutralizing antibody and mucosal IgA. Serum neutralizing antibody more easily fulfills the latter requisite, but current live virus methods for neutralization prevent large-scale application. It is conceivable that the exposure of previously infected individuals can allow for the definition of protective thresholds of neutralizing antibody. Thereafter, many other antibody assays will be able to screen for surrogate protection after correlations with protective neutralizing antibody are made. Specificity of common antibody tests would benefit from confirmatory blocking systems or confirmatory immunoblotting fingerprints with well-defined antigen(s). The opportunity for the scientific community to make these assessments is evident in the current context of the COVID-19 epidemic given the large numbers of infected individuals worldwide. Such information will also be vital to guide vaccine development and/or immunotherapy.

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Symptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection by a Phylogenetically Distinct Strain

Cited by 261 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical, virological and imaging profile in patients with prolonged forms of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Clinical, virological and imaging profile in patients with prolonged forms of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Added value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in a Flemish nursing home during an acute COVID-19 outbreak in April 2020

A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19

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