Symptomatology of infantile spasms

Watanabe, Kazuyoshi; Negoro, Tamiko; Okumura, Akihisa

doi:10.1016/s0387-7604(01)00274-1

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…ES may be asymmetric, or asynchronous, associated with various focal components that may involve the limbs, head, or eyes, or show compartmental and vegetative features (Watanabe et al, 2001). ES are brief muscle contractions that predominate in proximal and truncal muscles and cause sudden flexion (also known as "salaam spasms"), extension, or mixed movements.…”

Section: Seizures: Symptoms and Semiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of EEG in the diagnosis and classification of the epilepsy syndromes: a tool for clinical practice by the ILAE Neurophysiology Task Force (Part 2)

Koutroumanidis

Arzimanoglou

Caraballo

et al. 2017

Epileptic Disorders

105

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The concept of epilepsy syndromes, introduced in 1989, was defined as “clusters of signs and symptoms customarily occurring together”. Definition of epilepsy syndromes based on electro‐clinical features facilitated clinical practice and, whenever possible, clinical research in homogeneous groups of patients with epilepsies. Progress in the fields of neuroimaging and genetics made it rapidly clear that, although crucial, the electro‐clinical description of epilepsy syndromes was not sufficient to allow much needed development of targeted therapies and a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of seizures. The 2017 ILAE position paper on Classification of the Epilepsies recognized that “as a critical tool for the practicing clinician, epilepsy classification must be relevant and dynamic to changes in thinking”. The concept of “epilepsy syndromes” evolved, incorporating issues related to aetiologies and comorbidities. A comprehensive update (and revision where necessary) of the EEG diagnostic criteria in the light of the 2017 revised terminology and concepts was deemed necessary. Part 2 covers the neonatal and paediatric syndromes in accordance with the age of onset. [Published with educational EEG plates at http://www.epilepticdisorders.com].

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Section: Seizures: Symptoms and Semiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of EEG in the diagnosis and classification of the epilepsy syndromes: a tool for clinical practice by the ILAE Neurophysiology Task Force (Part 2)

Koutroumanidis

Arzimanoglou

Caraballo

et al. 2017

Epileptic Disorders

105

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“…Ictal EEG recording is important for direct investigation of epileptic seizures. Studies of ictal EEG changes in patients with spasms so far have described high‐voltage slow waves, a sharp‐and‐slow‐wave complex, desynchronization or diffuse flattening, and “fast activity” (7,8). The reported frequency of fast activity was 14 to 16 Hz (9) or 17.5 ± 2.1 Hz (10), and was therefore in the beta band.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Fast Rhythmic Activity on Scalp EEG Associated with Epileptic Spasms

et al. 2004

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Summary:Purpose: Very fast activity was investigated on the ictal EEGs of epileptic spasms to elucidate the pathophysiology of West syndrome (WS) and related disorders from a novel point of view.Methods: The traces of scalp ictal EEG of spasms temporally were expanded in 11 patients whose clinical diagnosis was symptomatic WS in six, cryptogenic WS in two, Aicardi syndrome in one, and symptomatic generalized epilepsy after WS in the remaining two. Time evolution of averaged power spectra of the ictal fast activity also was analyzed in each patient.Results: Rhythmic gamma activity with frequency ranging from 50 to 100 Hz was detected in a total of 345 of 537 spasms.Fast activity was seen bilaterally in nine patients, was lateralized to one hemisphere in another, and appeared independently on each hemisphere in the remaining infant with Aicardi syndrome. Power spectra showed a clear peak corresponding to spasmassociated gamma rhythm, with frequency centering ∼65 Hz and ranging from 51 to 98 Hz. The morphology and spectral characteristics of ictal gamma rhythm were completely different from those of muscle activity or alternating current (AC) artifacts.Conclusions: Spasm-associated gamma activity was clearly detected on the scalp. This observation may provide a clue to the pathophysiology of spasms.

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“…Muscular contraction lasts for a few seconds [7]. Ictal EEG patterns of spasms include high voltage slow wave complex, fast wave, and desynchronization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%