Symptoms and Diagnosis of Depression in Alcoholics

Dorus, Walter; Kennedy, Josephine; Gibbons, Robert D.; Ravi, Suseela D.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1987.tb01279.x

Cited by 65 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Limits of severity are based on mean scores (i.e., normal range below 50, mild to minimal depression 50-59, moderate to marked depression 60-69, severe to extreme depression 70 and over). BDI has been used widely in research studies that have investigated individual differences in severity of levels of depression (Dorus, Kennedy, Gibbons, & Ravi, 1987;Hengeveld, Ancion, & Rooifmans, 1987;Steer, Beck, & Shaw, 1985;Steer, McElroy, & Beck, 1993).…”

Section: Dependent Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: An effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms

Saxby¹,

Peniston

1995

J. Clin. Psychol.

132

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This was an experimental study of 14 alcoholic outpatients using the Peniston and Kulkosky (1989, 1991) brainwave treatment protocol for alcohol abuse. After temperature biofeedback pretraining, experimental subjects completed 20 40‐minute sessions of alpha‐theta brainwave neurofeedback training (BWNT). Experimentally treated alcoholics with depressive syndrome showed sharp reductions in self‐assessed depression (Beck's Depression Inventory). On the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory‐I, the experimental subjects showed significant decreases on the BR scores: schizoid, avoidant, dependent, histrionic, passive‐aggression, schizotypal, borderline, anxiety, somatoform, hypomanic, dysthmic, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychotic thinking, and psychotic depression. Twenty‐one‐month follow‐up data indicated sustained prevention of relapse in alcoholics who completed BWNT.

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Section: Dependent Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: An effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms

Saxby¹,

Peniston

1995

J. Clin. Psychol.

132

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“…Among the psychological states observed in recently sober alcoholic patients, depressed mood is most prominent [1], The majority of such patients appear to suffer from secondary self-limited affective syndromes rather than from enduring primary affective disorders [2], For instance, Dorus et al [3] found that 67% of male alcoholics were depressed on admission for treatment, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), but that this proportion dropped to 18% by day 24 without antidepressant therapy. Clinical ex perience suggests that the acute depression experienced by these patients is an adaptive response to situational stressors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Alexithymia and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Newly Abstinent Alcoholic Inpatients

Haviland

MacMurray

Cummings

1988

Psychother Psychosom

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The purpose of this investigation was to measure alexithymia in 90 newly abstinent alcoholism treatment candidates and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and depressive symptoms. Subjects completed the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the time of application for care. The correlation between subjects’ SSPS scores and their BDI scores was statistically significant (r = ––0.398; p < 0.001). Study participants with high BDI scores tended to be ‘more alexithymic’ than were those with low BDI scores. The authors conclude that alexithymia may serve as a defensive operation for alcoholic patients denying painful affect.

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“…They identifi ed important methodological confounds in the published studies: a failure to distinguish primary from secondary depression, the confl ation of symptoms related to withdrawal with those of enduring disorders, and lack of attention to family history of depression as a potential moderator of treatment response. Dorus et al (1987) later reported that, although depressive symptoms commonly occur during withdrawal, they often improve spontaneously with abstinence from alcohol, which was supported by the fi ndings of Brown and Schuckit (1988). Subsequently, there were many studies of antidepressants (both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]) to treat depression in alcoholic patients.…”

Section: Medications To Treat Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Redumentioning

confidence: 73%

Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorders: Seventy-Five Years of Progress

Zindel¹,

Kranzler²

2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs Suppl.

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ABSTRACT. Modern pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence has its roots in the failure of National Prohibition in the United States and the rise of the disease model of alcoholism (embodied in Alcoholics Anonymous). In 1948, disulfi ram was the fi rst medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat alcohol dependence, but its effi cacy has not been supported by randomized controlled trials. In the 1960s, benzodiazepines replaced older treatments for alcohol withdrawal, but sedative and dependence-producing effects limit their utility in the postwithdrawal period. In the 1980s, the focus shifted to the treatment of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and medications that modify negative mood states, which contribute to relapse to heavy drinking. In the 1990s, developments in neurobiology implicated specifi c neurotransmitter systems underlying alcohol's effects, culminating in the 1994 approval by the FDA of the opioid antagonist naltrexone to treat alcohol dependence. In 2006, the FDA approved a long-acting formulation of naltrexone. Recently, nalmefene, another opioid receptor antagonist, was approved in Europe for as-needed use to reduce heavy drinking. Acamprosate, an amino acid derivative, fi rst approved in France in 1989, received FDA approval in 2004. However, the benefi cial effects of the approved medications are only modestly greater than those of placebo, and their use is limited. Topiramate, currently under investigation for alcohol dependence, has greater effi cacy but a variety of adverse effects. In addition to the identifi cation of novel compounds, the future of alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy will depend on developments in pharmacogenetics, in which genetic variation that moderates treatment effi cacy and adverse effects is used to personalize treatment. (J. Stud.

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Symptoms and Diagnosis of Depression in Alcoholics

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: An effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms

Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: An effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms

The Relationship between Alexithymia and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Newly Abstinent Alcoholic Inpatients

Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorders: Seventy-Five Years of Progress

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