Symptoms of depression and the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem

Kim, Hong Seon; Moore, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.12.001

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The measurement of self‐esteem in itself has its challenges since the majority of tools tend to rely on self‐report (exceptions sometimes being measures of implicit self‐esteem used in studies, such as the implicit association test [Kim & Moore, 2019]). Interestingly in Laithwaite et al’s (2009) study, there was a significant improvement in self‐esteem measured using the RSE but not for the SCQ or SIP‐AD‐AE, perhaps related to differing psychometric properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compassion‐focused therapies for self‐esteem: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Thomason

Moghaddam

2020

Psychol Psychother

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Purpose To identify whether compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) or compassion‐based interventions are effective in improving self‐esteem. Methods Databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) were searched, along with OpenGrey literature. Experts were also contacted and handsearching of reference lists and citing articles undertaken. To be eligible, papers had to include an intervention identified as being compassion‐based and mention ‘self‐esteem’ as a variable or outcome. Papers were quality appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were analysed using a random‐effects meta‐analysis model, with sensitivity analysis conducted in relation to the quality of studies. Results Ten eligible papers were identified. Within‐group analysis of data from eight studies demonstrated a medium, significant overall effect size (g = 0.56, 95% CI [0.19–0.93], z = 3.54, p < .001), which increased slightly and remained significant (g = 0.61, 95% CI [0.05–1.17], z = 2.82, p = .005) when the lowest quality studies were removed. Conclusions Compassion‐focused therapy or compassion‐based interventions may be effective in improving self‐esteem. However, there is large clinical and methodological heterogeneity amongst studies making further conclusions difficult. Practitioner points CFT/compassion‐based interventions appear to be effective in improving self‐esteem. Transdiagnostic concepts (such as low self‐esteem and compassion‐focused therapy) should be considered in supporting people with their mental health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compassion‐focused therapies for self‐esteem: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Thomason

Moghaddam

2020

Psychol Psychother

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“…Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mood disorders worldwide and is characterized by the absence of pursuit of pleasurable activities and the presence of negative thoughts (Kim and Moore, 2019). Since most common drugs used as antidepressant block the serotonin transporter (SERT), increasing extracellular serotonin in the raphe’s nucleus post-synapses (for review, Teissier et al, 2017), it has been proposed that a misbalance in the serotonergic release could be related to the etiology of the depressive symptoms (for review, Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Psychiatric Disorders and Bdnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain

Miranda

Morici

Zanoni

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

953

603

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Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead to great variability in BDNF levels in healthy subjects. Changes in BDNF expression are associated with both normal and pathological aging and also psychiatric disease, in particular in structures important for memory processes such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal areas. Some interventions like exercise or antidepressant administration enhance the expression of BDNF in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe studies from rodents and humans to bring together research on how BDNF expression is regulated, how this expression changes in the pathological brain and also exciting work on how interventions known to enhance this neurotrophin could have clinical relevance. We propose that, although BDNF may not be a valid biomarker for neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric diseases because of its disregulation common to many pathological conditions, it could be thought of as a marker that specifically relates to the occurrence and/or progression of the mnemonic symptoms that are common to many pathological conditions.

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“…Previous studies looking at implicit and explicit measures of self‐esteem have shown that some individuals hold quite discrepant explicit and implicit self‐esteem, and the magnitude of this discrepancy is predictive of psychological problems. People who have high explicit but low implicit self‐esteem (termed defensive self‐esteem) appear more hostile and aggressive (Kernis et al, 2008; Sandstrom & Jordan, 2008), while those with low explicit but high implicit self‐esteem (termed damaged self‐esteem) have elevated rates of depression, loneliness and self‐harm (Creemers et al, 2012; Creemers et al, 2013; Frank et al, 2007; Kim & Moore, 2019; Schröder‐Abé et al, 2007). The present results also show that there is an interaction between explicit and implicit measurements, but in this case for the concept of hopelessness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Hopelessness and Self‐injury

Gray

Knowles

George

et al. 2021

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective This study examined the relationship between explicit and implicit measures of hopelessness and self‐injurious behavior (defined here as self‐harming or suicidal actions and thoughts). Method A community sample of 267 participants completed explicit measures of hopelessness (Beck's Hopelessness Scale and a Feeling Thermometer), an implicit measure of hopelessness (Hopelessness Implicit Association Test), and a self‐report measure of their history of self‐injurious behavior. Results The results showed that high levels of hopelessness, measured both explicitly or implicitly, were associated with a past and recent history of self‐injury. However, there was also an interaction between the implicit and explicit measures such that explicit hopelessness was more strongly predictive of self‐injury in people with high levels of implicit hopelessness. Conclusion The findings show that the implicit measurement of hopelessness can help predict past and recent self‐injury beyond what explicit measures of hopelessness currently achieve and could be used in the assessment of risk of both self‐harming and suicidal behaviors.

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Symptoms of depression and the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Compassion‐focused therapies for self‐esteem: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Compassion‐focused therapies for self‐esteem: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain

Explicit and Implicit Hopelessness and Self‐injury

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