Symptoms of Tobacco Dependence After Brief Intermittent Use

Abstract

The most susceptible youths lose autonomy over tobacco within a day or 2 of first inhaling from a cigarette. The appearance of tobacco withdrawal symptoms and failed attempts at cessation can precede daily smoking; ICD-10-defined dependence can precede daily smoking and typically appears before consumption reaches 2 cigarettes per day.

Socio-economic, demographic and geographic correlates of cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents: results from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) survey

“…This group is important to include, given the evidence that smoking initiation at younger ages (i.e. younger than 12 years) is associated with a greater likelihood of regular smoking in adulthood [8]. Further, our study included an analysis of adolescent smoking by province, which allowed for geographical comparisons and benchmarking, or comparison of the problem magnitude of adolescent smoking across provinces.…”

How should we define light or intermittent smoking? Does it matter?

“…Shiffman (1989) , for example, has argued that " chippers, " who have smoked low daily levels over long periods of time, do not manifest signs of nicotine dependence. However, recent studies have challenged the premise that sustained nicotine levels are required for addiction and have suggested that some indicators of dependence, particularly loss of autonomy, can be seen after only a few cigarettes have been smoked ( DiFranza et al, 2000( DiFranza et al, , 2002( DiFranza et al, , 2007O'Loughlin et al, 2003 ). Dierker et al (2007) , using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) criteria, reported that some nondaily college-aged smokers were nicotine dependent and, conversely, that not all daily users in this group were nicotine dependent.…”

“…Intermittent smoking has been defi ned as not smoking on a daily basis ( DiFranza et al, 2007 ;Lindstrom, Isacsson, & the Malmo Shoulder-Neck Study Group, 2002 ) or as smoking on 1 -15 days in the previous month ( McCarthy, Zhou, & Hser, 2001 ). Nondaily smoker has been defi ned as smoking at least weekly (but not daily) or less often than weekly; smoking at least 100 cigarettes in the lifetime and currently smoking some days; smoking more than 100 cigarettes in the lifetime, currently smoking some days, and smoking on fewer than 30 of the past 30 days; smoking more than 100 cigarettes in the lifetime and smoking some days or 1 -2 days in the previous 30 days; or smoking fewer than 100 cigarettes in the lifetime and smoking in the previous 30 days ( Gilpin, White, & Pierce, 2005 ;Hassmiller et al, 2003 ;Husten, McCarty, Giovino, Chrismon, & Zhu, 1998 ;Leatherdale, Ahmed, Lovato, Manske, & Jolin, 2007 ;McDermott et al, 2007 ;Tong, Ong, Vittinghoff, & Perez-Stable, 2006 ;Wortley, Husten, Trosclair, Chrismon, & Pederson, 2003 ).…”

Video-assisted topographical measurement of cigarette smoking: Exploration of an objective approach to evaluate nicotine dependence

“…It typically took 25-35 minutes to complete the interview. Information on demographics, smoking history, current smoking and nicotine dependence were collected using structured questionnaires adapted from prior research 23 . Scales were used to assess the following three instruments of nicotine dependence: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 4th Revision (DSM-IV), the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) and the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND).…”