Synaesthesia in Chinese: A corpus-based study on gustatory adjectives in Mandarin

Zhao, Qingqing; Huang, Chu‐Ren; Long, Yunfei

doi:10.1515/ling-2018-0019

Cited by 25 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, English sweet generally refers to gustatory experience, while it can also be used to describe visual experiences as in sweet smile . This linguistic phenomenon is often referred to as linguistic synesthesia and generated important literature in linguistics focusing on the potentially universal directionality constraints among different senses [17, 18, 19]. The modality exclusivity norms have been developed in this context for different languages such as English and Dutch for relevant research in this field [14, 15, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the modality exclusivity norms supported Strik Lievers and Winter’s [20] new study from the linguistic perspective showing that sense modalities provide cognitive motivation for grammatical categories of sensory lexicon. Since previous studies primarily focus on Indo-European languages, modality exclusivity norms for a non-Indo-European language such as Mandarin Chinese will provide an important dataset to show similarities across languages and also language-dependent variation in modality exclusivity, especially in light of recent studies showing cross-lingual variations of synesthetic mapping directionality based on Mandarin Chinese and Korean [19, 21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mandarin Chinese modality exclusivity norms

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Modality exclusivity norms have been developed in different languages for research on the relationship between perceptual and conceptual systems. This paper sets up the first modality exclusivity norms for Chinese, a Sino-Tibetan language with semantics as its orthographically relevant level. The norms are collected through two studies based on Chinese sensory words. The experimental designs take into consideration the morpho-lexical and orthographic structures of Chinese. Study 1 provides a set of norms for Mandarin Chinese single-morpheme words in mean ratings of the extent to which a word is experienced through the five sense modalities. The degrees of modality exclusivity are also provided. The collected norms are further analyzed to examine how sub-lexical orthographic representations of sense modalities in Chinese characters affect speakers’ interpretation of the sensory words. In particular, we found higher modality exclusivity rating for the sense modality explicitly represented by a semantic radical component, as well as higher auditory dominant modality rating for characters with transparent phonetic symbol components. Study 2 presents the mean ratings and modality exclusivity of coordinate disyllabic compounds involving multiple sense modalities. These studies open new perspectives in the study of modality exclusivity. First, links between modality exclusivity and writing systems have been established which has strengthened previous accounts of the influence of orthography in the processing of visual information in reading. Second, a new set of modality exclusivity norms of compounds is proposed to show the competition of influence on modality exclusivity from different linguistic factors and potentially allow such norms to be linked to studies on synesthesia and semantic transparency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandarin Chinese modality exclusivity norms

et al. 2019

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“…This is the case, for instance, in sweet voice , where taste ( sweet ) is the source and hearing ( voice ) is the target of the synaesthetic transfer. Other types of combination are not impossible (and can relatively often be found in poetic texts), but synaesthetic transfers having one of the ‘lower senses’ as a source and one of the ‘higher senses’ as a target are decidedly more frequent, 2 as confirmed by the analysis of data from many languages (among others, Shen and Gil, 2008; Strik Lievers, 2015; Yu, 2003; Zhao et al, forthcoming). In section 6 we will discuss whether considerations about preferences in sensory combinations may also apply to synaesthesia in visuals.…”

Section: Synaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 95%

How language and image construct synaesthetic metaphors in print advertising

Bolognesi

Lievers

2018

Visual Communication

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Research in (multi-)sensory marketing suggests that engaging consumers’ senses is an efficient way to create effective advertisements. In this study, the authors explore how sensory cues are used in print advertising. In particular, they identify and describe print advertisements featuring instances of synaesthesia, that is, a metaphor by which properties of a given sensory modality are attributed to a concept that relates primarily to a different sensory modality. They propose that these advertisements can be classified based on the role played by the image and the text, as well as based on the way visual and linguistic elements interact. They also outline how their contribution can set theoretical groundwork for the design of new empirical research questions in cognitive sciences and marketing studies.

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“…However, recent studies on various languages such as English (Strik Lievers, 2015), Italian (Strik Lievers, 2015), Mandarin Chinese (Zhao et al, 2018) and Korean (Jo, 2019) have challenged the universality claim of the directionality principle and suggested that cross-modal transfers may not be "strictly" unidirectional. As one example, Strik Lievers (2015) investigated about 500 cases of synaesthesia in English and Italian drawn from the ukWaC and itWaC corpora (Baroni et al, 2009) respectively.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Which word classes are to be referred to classify perceptual lexemes? Both Strik Lievers (2015) andZhao et al (2018) have indicated that linguistic synaesthesia is found primarily (but not exclusively) in adjective-noun combinations. Thus, the list in the present study included perceptual adjectives and perceptual nouns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linguistic Synaesthesia in Turkish: A Corpus-Based Study of Cross-Modal Directionality

Kumcu¹

2020

Preprint

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Linguistic synaesthesia (i.e., synaesthetic metaphor, intrafield metaphor or cross-modal metaphor) refers to instances in which expressions in different sensory modalities are combined as in the case of sweet (taste) melody (sound). Ullmann (1957) and later, Williams (1976) were first to show that synaesthetic transfers seem to follow a potentially universal pattern that goes from the lower (i.e., touch, taste and smell) to higher senses (i.e., hearing and sight) but not the other way around (e.g., melodious sweetness) Studies across languages, cultures, domains, and text types presented mixed results as to the universality claim of cross-modal mappings in linguistic synaesthesia (e.g., Jo, 2019; Strik Lievers, 2015; Zhao et al., 2019). To extend results to an underrepresented language and thus, to test the universality of the directionality principle, 5699 cases of linguistic synaesthesia in written and spoken Turkish were investigated using a general-purpose, large corpus. Results show that except for the transfers from smell to hearing which is unidirectional, synaesthetic transfers in Turkish do not comply with the directionality principle in the strictest sense. Although most transfers that follow the canonical direction were also significantly more frequent, there were instances of “backward transfers”. Further, two of the backward transfers (i.e., from smell to touch and from taste to touch) were significantly more frequent than their canonical counterparts (i.e., from touch to smell and from touch to taste). Results are compared against synaesthesia in other languages and discussed in the framework of linguistic universals and embodied cognition. Supplemental materials: https://osf.io/2unvy

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Synaesthesia in Chinese: A corpus-based study on gustatory adjectives in Mandarin

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Mandarin Chinese modality exclusivity norms

Mandarin Chinese modality exclusivity norms

How language and image construct synaesthetic metaphors in print advertising

Linguistic Synaesthesia in Turkish: A Corpus-Based Study of Cross-Modal Directionality

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