Synanthropisation And Synurbisation Of Raven  Corvus Corax  In Poland: A Review

Zawadzka, Dorota; Zawadzki, Grzegorz

doi:10.1515/isspar-2015-0025

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, this measure of bottleneck indicates that a reduction in numbers has occurred recently. In fact, it is estimated that the number of birds in the Gorce National Park was <20 individuals in the 1980s [10; 78]. Although the population in the Babia Góra National Park (BPN) also showed a low level of genetic diversity, especially in terms of heterozygosity, this stronghold could still be connected with areas supporting the capercaillie population across the border in Slovakia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These forests retain some connections because of the presence of belts of woodland. In the first half of the 20th century there were still capercaillie present, not only in the Augustowska Primaeval Forest, but also in other forests of northeastern Poland [11; 78]. It was only at the end of the 20th century that this species became extinct in the Knyszyńska and Białowieska Primaeval Forests, though the population from the Augustowska Primaeval Forest was then relatively stable demographically, even showing some signs of an increase [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation genetics of the capercaillie in Poland - Delineation of conservation units

Rutkowski

Zawadzka²,

Suchecka

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) is one of Poland's most endangered bird species, with an estimated population of 380–500 individuals in four isolated areas. To study these natural populations in Poland further, more than 900 non-invasive genetic samples were collected, along with samples from 59 birds representing large, continuous populations in Sweden and Russia; and from two centres in Poland breeding capercaillie. Microsatellite polymorphism at nine loci was then analysed to estimate within-population genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among populations. The results confirmed that isolation of populations and recent decreases in their sizes have reduced genetic diversity among capercaillie in Poland, with all the country’s natural populations found to be experiencing the genetic after-effects of demographic bottlenecks. The results of analyses of genetic differentiation and structure further suggest the presence of a 'lowland' cluster (encompassing birds of the Augustowska and Solska Primaeval Forests in Poland, and of Sweden and Russia), and a Carpathian cluster. Capercaillie from Sweden and Russia are also found to differ markedly. The Polish lowland populations seem more closely related to birds from Scandinavia. Our genetic analysis also indicates that the stocks at breeding centres are of a high genetic diversity effectively reflecting the origins of founder individuals, though identification of ancestry requires further study in the case of some birds.Overall, the results sustain the conclusion that the Polish populations of capercaillie from the Carpathians and the lowlands should be treated as independent Management Units (MUs). This is to say that the breeding lines associated with these two sources should be maintained separately at breeding centres. The high level of genetic differentiation of birds from the Solska Primaeval Forest suggests that this population should also be assigned the status of independent MU.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation genetics of the capercaillie in Poland - Delineation of conservation units

Rutkowski

Zawadzka²,

Suchecka

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…The first record of nesting Ravens were made in Wrocław in 1986(Dyrcz et al 1991, but it still occurs only on the periphery of the city, and nest only on trees. Also in other Polish cities, it was recorded only in the city peripheries and nesting on trees only (Luniak et al 2001, Janiszewski et al 2009, Zawadzka & Zawadzki 2014. However, it is known to adopt electricity pylons and other man-made structures in farmlands in some parts of this country (Bednorz 2000, Zawadzka & Zawadzki 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also in other Polish cities, it was recorded only in the city peripheries and nesting on trees only (Luniak et al 2001, Janiszewski et al 2009, Zawadzka & Zawadzki 2014. However, it is known to adopt electricity pylons and other man-made structures in farmlands in some parts of this country (Bednorz 2000, Zawadzka & Zawadzki 2014. It is also well-known as having a wide spectrum of diet, and as being under a low predation pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of urbanization on population densities of forest passerine species in a Central European city

Kopij

2019

Ornis Hungarica

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Typical, but less common, passerine forest species were selected for this study, such as Lullula arborea, Anthus trivialis, Troglodytes troglodytes, Prunella modularis, Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Regulus regulus, Regulus ignicapillus, Muscicapa striata, Ficedula albicollis, Ficedula hypoleuca, Parus cristatus, Parus palustris, Parus ater, Certhia familiaris, Certhia brachydactyla, Oriolus oriolus, Garrulus glandarius, and Corvus corax. M. striata and T. philomelos were the most numerous among the 20 investigated species, the former one nested in a density of 6.7 pairs per 100 ha of wooded area, while the later one at 5.1 pairs per 100 ha. Density of most other species was below 3 pairs per 100 ha of wooded area. A. trivialis, P. cristatus and P. modularis were unexpectedly rare (< 1 pair per 100 ha). Otherwise, relatively numerous were T. troglodytes (1.8 p./100 ha), R. regulus (1.8 p./100 ha) and P. palustris (1.4 p./100 ha). P. cristatus, L. arborea, and T. viscivorus were the rarest species investigated (below 0.1 p./100 ha). Several bird species nested in wooded areas only in the outer zone of the city. This group included A. trivialis, R. regulus, P. ater, and C. corax. Population density of T. troglodytes, T. philomelos and O. oriolus were significantly higher in outer than in inner zone, while the reverse was true in the case of M. striata and F. hypoleuca.

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“…In the Central and Eastern European region, it first appeared in Poland in the '50s, nesting in the outskirts of cities and around urban parks (Zawadzka & Zawadzki 2014).…”

Section: Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interesting breeding cases of the Raven (Corvus corax) in Hungary

Bagyura¹,

Fidlóczky²,

Schwartz³

et al. 2017

Ornis Hungarica

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Due to conservation measures, the breeding population of the Raven significantly strengthened over the last decades in Hungary, also nesting on the lowlands. Nowadays, observing large flocks is not rare. Compared to other European countries, the urbanization of the species began relatively late in Hungary, in the '90s, first breeding in the urban areas of Baranya County. There were another five similar known cases after the millennium across the country. Because of the advanced adaptive capacity of species, this number is likely to grow in the future.In Hungary, the brood is typically complete in the second half of February and the young birds fledge in the first days of May. There are two known cases after the millennium when the Ravens bred in a significantly different time than usual. In these cases, the young birds fledged on 20 January and the second half of February. In both cases, the nests were found on overhead transmission line poles in lowland agricultural areas. It is uncertain what led to the unusual breeding time, but it is most likely that the breeding pair was accustomed, having successfully raised several brood before, and they could rely on the abundant food base near the nests during the breeding period.Keywords: Raven, early breeding, urbanization Összefoglalás Magyarországon a holló költőállománya az utóbbi évtizedekben -a természetvédelmi intézkedé-seknek köszönhetően -jelentősen megerősödött, és a faj síkvidéken is megjelent, mint fészkelő. Manapság a nagyobb csapatok megfigyelése sem ritka. Más európai országokhoz képest Magyarországon viszonylag későn, a '90-es években kezdődött el urbanizálódása, elsőként Baranya-megyében költött belterületen. Az ezredfordulót követően országszerte további öt hasonló esetről tudunk. A faj fejlett adaptációs képessége miatt ez a szám a jö-vőben vélhetően növekedni fog.Magyarországon a párok fészekalja általában február második felében már teljes, és a fiatalok május első napjaiban repülnek ki. Az ezredfordulót követőn két olyan esetet ismerünk, amikor a hollók a megszokottól jelentő-sen eltérő időpontban költöttek. Ezeknél a költéseknél a fiatalok január 20-án, illetve február második felében repültek ki. A fészkek mindkét esetben síkvidéki mezőgazdasági területen, távvezeték-tartóoszlopon voltak. Nem lehet pontosan megállapítani, hogy a szokatlan időpontban történő költésekhez konkrétan milyen okok vezettek, de valószínű, hogy a madarak egyrészt már több fészekaljat sikeresen felnevelő, összeszokott költőpárok voltak, másrészt bőséges táplálékbázisra támaszkodhattak a fészkek közelében a költések ideje alatt.

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Synanthropisation And Synurbisation Of Raven Corvus Corax In Poland: A Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Conservation genetics of the capercaillie in Poland - Delineation of conservation units

Conservation genetics of the capercaillie in Poland - Delineation of conservation units

The effect of urbanization on population densities of forest passerine species in a Central European city

Interesting breeding cases of the Raven (Corvus corax) in Hungary

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