Synanthropy

Klegarth, Amy R.

doi:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0448

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The taxonomic patterns across human‐modified environments revealed by the present analysis are largely explained by the ecological variation among nonhuman primates. Extant hominoids, including greater and lesser apes, typically experience population decline when in close contact with humans (Walsh et al., 2003 ), whereas a number of cercopithecine monkeys exhibit documented synanthropy, especially Macaca , Papio , and Chlorocebus (Engel et al., 2010 ; Klegarth, 2016 ; Knauf & Jones‐Engel, 2020 ; Nyamota et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does it mean to be wild? Assessing human influence on the environments of nonhuman primate specimens in museum collections

Eller

Canington

Saiyed

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Objectives Natural history collections are often thought to represent environments in a pristine natural state—free from human intervention—the so‐called “wild.” In this study, we aim to assess the level of human influence represented by natural history collections of wild‐collected primates over 120 years at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). Materials and Methods Our sample consisted of 875 catarrhine primate specimens in NMNH collections, representing 13 genera collected in 39 countries from 1882 to 2004. Using archival and accession information we determined the approximate locations from which specimens were collected. We then plotted location coordinates onto publicly available anthrome maps created by Ellis et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2010, 19, 589), which delineate terrestrial biomes of human population density and land use worldwide since the 1700s. Results We found that among primates collected from their native ranges, 92% were from an environment that had some level of human impact, suggesting that the majority of presumed wild‐collected primate specimens lived in an environment influenced by humans during their lifetimes. Discussion The degree to which human‐modified environments may have impacted the lives of primates currently held in museum collections has been historically ignored, implicating unforeseen consequences for collection‐based research. While unique effects related to commensalism with humans remain understudied, effects currently attributed to natural phenomena may, in fact, be related to anthropogenic pressures on unmanaged populations of primates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does it mean to be wild? Assessing human influence on the environments of nonhuman primate specimens in museum collections

Eller

Canington

Saiyed

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Synanthropism refers to a behavior of free-ranging animals (or plants) benefiting from the shared ecology with humans (Klegarth 2016). According to Shochat et al (2006), species can benefit from humans through both bottom-up and top-down processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For animals living in human-made environments, this is not always the case. Conflicts between animals and humans, such as attacks by food-habituated animals (Linnell et al 2002;Timm and Baker 2007;Behdarvand and Kaboli 2015), severe pest infestations resulting in crop losses (Duplantier and Rakotondravony 1999;Stenseth et al 2003), or disease transmission and zoonoses (Raoult et al 2013;Klegarth 2016;Keck and Lynteris 2018) are regularly documented today and throughout history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The paleo-synanthropic niche: a first attempt to define animal’s adaptation to a human-made micro-environment in the Late Pleistocene

Baumann

2023

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Synanthropic behavior, i.e., the behavior of wild animals that benefit from a shared ecology with humans, has existed long before the sedentarization of Homo sapiens during the Neolithic, around 10,000 years ago. This study describes and discusses the concept of an older animal-human relationship: paleo-synanthropic behavior and the associated paleo-synanthropic niche. Key features of this new niche are anthropogenic food waste from mobile hunter-gatherers as a stable food base for small opportunistic scavengers and a human-near environment safe from large predators. By linking the niche to human behavior rather than to a specific location or structure, this niche was accessible for a long time, even in the Late Pleistocene. Like modern synanthropic animals, members of the paleo-synanthropic niche experienced an increase in population density and a decrease in home range. This, in turn, made it easier for humans to capture these animals and use them as resources for meat, fur, or feathers, as seen in the zooarchaeological record of many European Late Pleistocene sites. As a disadvantage, diseases such as zoonoses may have spread more easily.

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“…At the same time, regardless of local legislation, macaques are protected less vigilantly than other primate taxa. Highly visible synanthropic macaques are often assumed to be abundant—even overabundant—but these assumptions can be wrong [ 10 , 11 ]. Possibly, for this reason, and despite a sizable body of academic and practical work on the Asian wildlife trade, little has been published specifically on the keeping of macaques in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet Macaques in Vietnam: An NGO’s Perspective

Aldrich

Neale

2020

Animals

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In this article, we attempt to characterize the widespread trade in pet macaques in Vietnam. Data on confiscations as well as surrenders, releases, and individuals housed at rescue centers across Vietnam for 2015–2019 were opportunistically recorded. Data comparisons between Education for Nature Vietnam and three government-run wildlife rescue centers show that at least 1254 cases of macaque keeping occurred during the study period, including a minimum of 32 Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), 158 long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), 291 Northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina), 65 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and 110 stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). A minimum of 423 individuals were confiscated, and at least 490 individual macaques were released. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with two key Animals Asia (a non-governmental organization) colleagues and their insights are presented. Although we recognize that the data included are limited and can serve only as a baseline for the scale of the macaque pet trade in Vietnam, we believe that they support our concern that the problem is significant and must be addressed. We stress the need for organizations and authorities to work together to better understand the issue. The keeping of macaques as pets is the cause of serious welfare and conservation issues in Vietnam.

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Synanthropy

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

What does it mean to be wild? Assessing human influence on the environments of nonhuman primate specimens in museum collections

What does it mean to be wild? Assessing human influence on the environments of nonhuman primate specimens in museum collections

The paleo-synanthropic niche: a first attempt to define animal’s adaptation to a human-made micro-environment in the Late Pleistocene

Pet Macaques in Vietnam: An NGO’s Perspective

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