Synaptic connections of the narrow‐field, bistratified rod amacrine cell (AII) in the rabbit retina

Strettoi, Enrica; Raviola, Elio; Dacheux, Ramon F.

doi:10.1002/cne.903250203

Cited by 337 publications

(500 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…(Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Kolb 1979;Kolb and Famiglietti 1974;Strettoi et al, 1990Strettoi et al, , 1992. The synaptic input from rod bipolar cells is located at the arboreal dendrites in sublamina b of the IPL.…”

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synaptic input from rod bipolar cells is located at the arboreal dendrites in sublamina b of the IPL. At the EM level, the presynaptic elements are classical ribbon synapses (Kolb 1979;Sterling et al, 1988;Strettoi et al, 1990Strettoi et al, , 1992. The synaptic input is mediated by iGluRs of the AMPA-type (GluARs) (Singer and Diamond, 2003;Singer et al, 2004;Veruki et al, 2003 and immunocytochemical studies have identified the presence of GluA2/3 and GluA4 AMPA receptor subunits postsynaptically (Ghosh et al, 2001;Li et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AII amacrines are also postsynaptic to (some) OFF-cone bipolar cells at dyad synapses in the outer part of the IPL where the other postsynaptic element is typically the dendritic process of a ganglion cell or that of another amacrine cell (McGuire et al, 1984;Strettoi et al 1992Strettoi et al , 1994Tsukamoto et al, 2001). The synaptic input from OFF-cone bipolar cells is located at the lobular appendages in sublamina a of the IPL.…”

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it has not been examined extensively, electrophysiological recordings suggest that the input is mediated by iGluRs (Veruki et al, 2003; see also Xin and Bloomfield, 1999). The AII amacrine lobular appendages can also be presynaptic to the axon terminals of OFFcone bipolar cells from which they receive input and to dendrites of OFF-ganglion cells (McGuire et al, 1984;Strettoi et al, 1992Strettoi et al, , 1994Tsukamoto et al, 2001). At the EM level, the lobular appendages contain synaptic vesicles (Strettoi et al, 1992) and there is evidence that the transmission is glycinergic (Pourcho and Goebel, 1985;Sassoè-Pognetto et al, 1994).…”

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrastructural investigations have revealed that AII amacrine cells are postsynaptic to other types of amacrine cells throughout the IPL (Strettoi et al, 1992), but the specific identity of the presynaptic amacrine cells is not known, except that they are not other AII amacrine cells as there is no physiological evidence for chemical synapses between these cells (Veruki and Hartveit, 2002a). Strettoi et al (1992) found evidence that the presynaptic inputs corresponded to two morphologically distinct types, potentially corresponding to glycinergic and GABAergic amacrine cells.…”

Section: Connections Between Aii Amacrines and Other Amacrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells in the retina: Function and modulation

Hartveit

Veruki

2012

Brain Research

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Adaptation enables the visual system to operate across a large range of background light intensities. There is evidence that one component of this adaptation is mediated by modulation of gap junctions functioning as electrical synapses, thereby tuning and functionally optimizing specific retinal microcircuits and pathways. The AII amacrine cell is an interneuron found in most mammalian retinas and plays a crucial role for processing visual signals in starlight, twilight and daylight. AII amacrine cells are connected to each other by gap junctions, potentially serving as a substrate for signal averaging and noise reduction, and there is evidence that the strength of electrical coupling is modulated by the level of background light. Whereas there is extensive knowledge concerning the retinal microcircuits that involve the AII amacrine cell, it is less clear which signaling pathways and intracellular transduction mechanisms are involved in modulating the junctional conductance between electrically coupled AII amacrine cells. Here we review the current state of knowledge, with a focus on recent evidence that suggests that the modulatory control involves activity-dependent changes in the phosphorylation of the gap junction channels between AII amacrine cells, potentially linked to their intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics.

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Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Connections Between Aii Amacrines and Other Amacrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells in the retina: Function and modulation

Hartveit

Veruki

2012

Brain Research

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Retinal neurons of the California ground squirrel,Spermophilus beecheyi: A Golgi study

1996

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Although the optic nerve fibers of the cone-dominant ground squirrel retina have been well studied physiologically, the morphological details of the retinal neurons have not. To that end, retinal neurons of the California ground squirrel have been studied in Golgi-impregnated wholemounts. Two types of horizontal cell have been identified: H1 has an axon and axon terminal, whereas H2 is axonless. The dendritic field of H1 cells enlarges in a nonuniform manner with increasing displacement from the central retina. The smallest examples lie centrally in the visual streak, and the largest occur in the superior periphery. Eight types of bipolar cell are distinguished by morphological differences in dendritic branching pattern and field size in the outer plexiform layer, cell body size, and layering within the inner nuclear layer and by the morphology and stratification of axon terminals in the inner plexiform layer. A large bistratified bipolar cell (B8) is introduced here; the other 7 types closely resemble those in the retinas of other sciurid species described by R.W. West (1976, J. Comp. Neurol. 168:355-378; 1978, Vision Res. 18:129-136). The B1 type is proposed as a blue cone bipolar cell. Amacrine cells are classified into 27 cell types. Six of these occur as mirror-image pairs across the inner plexiform layer, the soma of one of each pair being "displaced" to the ganglion cell layer. The best described of these pairs is the very elaborate starburst amacrine cell, A5, which stains regularly in these wholemounted retinas. Changes in dendritic field size of both A5 subtypes with retinal location are quantified. The morphology of three amacrine cell types identified in Spermophilus beecheyi suggests that their possible counterparts in S. mexicanus (West, 1976) were, as displaced amacrine cells, misidentified as ganglion cells. Amacrine cell types that may play roles in the rod pathway, the blue cone pathway, and ganglion cell directional selectivity are discussed. No type of interplexiform cell was observed. Ganglion cells are classified into 19 cell types, 9 of which probably correspond to the ganglion cells described by West (1976) in the Mexican ground squirrel. The bistratified G11 cell is proposed as an ON-OFF directionally selective type.

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A calbindin-immunoreactive cone bipolar cell type in the rabbit retina

1996

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We have studied the distribution of the calcium-binding protein calbindin in the adult rabbit retina by using a commercially available antibody and immunocytochemical methods. The most heavily labeled cells are A-type horizontal cells, but B-type horizontal cells are also lightly labeled by this antibody. Among the horizontal cells, there is a mosaic of small, well-labeled somata, which we have identified as a subset of ON cone bipolar cells. In addition, some wide-field amacrine cells and a few large ganglion cells are also labeled for calbindin. The calbindin bipolar cells form a regular mosaic with a peak density of approximately 1,700 cells/mm2, falling to 550 cells/mm2 in the periphery. They account for about one-twelfth of cone bipolar cells, and they are narrowly stratified deep in sublamina 4 of the inner plexiform layer immediately above the rod bipolar terminals. Double-label experiments using an antibody to protein kinase C (PKC) indicate that the calbindin bipolar cells are completely distinct from the population of rod bipolar cells. Rod bipolar cells outnumber the calbindin cone bipolar cells by a factor of four to five. Further double-label experiments show that the calbindin bipolar cells are also labeled for recoverin. The calbindin bipolar cells are well coupled to AII amacrine cells, and they account for roughly 23% of the AII coupled bipolar cells. This suggests that there are three to four additional ON cone bipolar cell types that are coupled to AII amacrine cells. The calbindin cone bipolar cell described in this paper shares many characteristics with a reconstructed cone bipolar cell that forms the most gap junctions with AII amacrine cells (Strettoi et al. [1994] J. Comp. Neurol. 347:139-149). We conclude that these different methodologies provide complementary descriptions of the same cone bipolar cell type. The calbindin antibody defines a subset of cone bipolar cells in the rabbit retina. The cells in this subset are almost certainly the deepest of the cone bipolar cells. The tight stratification of the calbindin cone bipolar cell suggests that the inner plexiform layer is stratified according to depth, with narrow functional divisions within the broad partition of sublamina b, where ON signals are processed. The strength of coupling between the calbindin cone bipolar cells and AII amacrine cells suggests this pathway plays a major role under scotopic conditions.

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Synaptic connections of the narrow‐field, bistratified rod amacrine cell (AII) in the rabbit retina

Cited by 337 publications

References 52 publications

Electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells in the retina: Function and modulation

Electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells in the retina: Function and modulation

Retinal neurons of the California ground squirrel,Spermophilus beecheyi: A Golgi study

A calbindin-immunoreactive cone bipolar cell type in the rabbit retina

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