Synaptic organisation of the pelvic ganglion in the guinea-pig

Yokota, Reiko; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1007/bf00213794

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The pelvichypogastric ganglion may also receive afferent synaptic input from abdominal viscera. However, less is known about its organization and physiological role.Although several reports in the literature describe the ultrastructure of neurons of abdominal and pelvic sympathetic ganglia of the cat, guinea pig, and rat (Elfvin, 1971;Watanabe, 1971;Dail et al, 1975;Yokota and Burnstock, 1983; Gabella et al, 19921, none provides data on the size and shape of the cell bodies and their processes or any information on the full extent of the dendrites. In addition, none of these previous studies provides data on the different morphological types of neurons and their distribution in the ganglia.…”

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confidence: 96%

Light, electron, and confocal microscopic study of the mouse superior mesenteric ganglion

et al. 1996

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The superior mesenteric ganglion (S.m.g.), a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion, is an integrating center for gastrointestinal reflexes. Many details of its structure are still lacking. In the present study, mouse S.m.g. neurons were studied by light, electron, and confocal microscopy. Neurons had an average of 5-6 primary dendrites. Total dendritic length averaged 963 microns. Confocal microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructed images revealed cell body surface features, precise location where axons and dendrites emerged from it, cell body size, and extent of dendritic projection in three axes. Cell body diameter and dendritic projections were less in the dorsoventral than in the rostrocaudal or mediolateral axes. Cell body surface area and volume averaged 4,271 microns 2 and 4,908 microns 3, respectively. Dendritic surface areas and volumes were 5-6 times larger. Two main neuron types (projecting caudally or rostrally) were distinguished. The former were found throughout the S.m.g., whereas the latter were found only in the cephalad region, comprising about 40% of neurons found there. Rostrally projecting neurons had fewer primary dendrites, fewer total dendritic branches, and shorter total dendritic length than caudally projecting neurons. There were regional differences in percentage of neurons responding to electrical stimulation of left or right hypogastric, lumbar colonic, or left splanchnic nerves but not in nerve fibers connecting the S.m.g. and celiac ganglion. A greater percentage of caudally than rostrally projecting cephalad neurons responded to stimulation of any nerve trunk. These results indicate that the mouse S.m.g. contains at least two distinct types of neurons that differ in their morphology and their source of preganglionic synaptic input.

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confidence: 96%

Light, electron, and confocal microscopic study of the mouse superior mesenteric ganglion

et al. 1996

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“…This may have contributed causally to the persistence of their increased innervation. A comparable relationship between cell size and level of innervation has been reported by Yokota & Burnstock (1983); see also Sargent (1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Incoming synapses and size of small granule‐containing cells in a rat sympathetic ganglion after post‐ganglionic axotomy.

Case¹,

Matthews²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A quantitative ultrastructural study has been made of the reaction of the incoming synapses of small granule-containing cells after axotomy of the major post-ganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the young adult rat. These cells are intrinsic and interneurone-like in this ganglion, receiving a preganglionic input and giving outgoing synapses to principal post-ganglionic neurones.2. Unlike their outgoing synapses, which are lost after post-ganglionic axotomy (Case & Matthews, 1986), the incoming synapses of the small granule-containing cells in axotomized ganglia increased in incidence post-operatively. The increase first became clearly evident 5-7 days post-operatively and was greater, being both more sustained and progressive, after bilateral than after unilateral axotomy. After bilateral axotomy the incidence of incoming synapses rose to more than four times that of normal ganglia and was still elevated at 128 days post-operatively, but was within normal limits at 390 days.3. After a unilateral lesion, increases of similar extent and time course to those in the axotomized ganglia were seen in the incoming synapses of small granulecontaining cells in the uninjured contralateral ganglia.4. The incoming synapses of the small granule-containing cells are multifocal, i.e. show several points or active foci of synaptic specialization. The increase in synapses expressed itself both through an increased incidence of these synaptic active foci per nerve terminal and through an increase in the number of~presynaptic nerve terminal profiles associated with the cells.5. Control observations indicated that the increase in synapses was not due to surgical stress, nor was it attributable solely to post-operative ageing.6. The nerve terminals which were presynaptic to the small granule-containing cells post-operatively were all ofpreganglionic origin: no incoming synapses or presynaptic nerve terminals remained at 2 days after a preganglionic denervation of axotomized or contralateral ganglia, at whatever stage this was performed throughout the range of survival intervals.7. There was some evidence that the synapses had increased by sprouting, including terminal sprouting, of the preganglionic nerve fibres. In the shorter term * To whom correspondence should be sent.PHY 374 2 C. P. CASE AND M. R. MATTHEWS there was an increase in the proportion of small nerve terminal profiles. In the longer term the mean size of the terminal profiles increased, and very large terminals of unusual form were seen.8. After post-ganglionic axotomy, and in particular after a bilateral lesion, the small granule-containing cells became hypertrophied. The size of the small granulecontaining cells was directly correlated with both the incidence and the collective size of the preganglionic nerve terminals which innervated them. Both the small granule-containing cells and their incoming innervation thus display a considerable capacity for expansion, such as is found to be inherent also in other neuronal systems.9. These inte...

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“…Denervation studies of the guinea pig colon have been performed to date to examine effect on opioid receptors by way of performing short cryoablation of IMA/IMG complex, the so called "frigore" denervation of the IMG, which destroys the IMG but preserves IMA, [17][18][19] and histological and immunohistochemical changes in the pelvic ganglia after denervation. 16,20 To create a model for the study of isolated extrinsic nerve stimulation on the distal colon, we chose guinea pigs due to the anatomic complexity of pelvic innervation and active enteric nervous system, which is well established for the study of intrinsic reflexes. We have designed an in vitro model of guinea pig distal colon that allows full manipulation of the PN and IMG in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency (the number of contractions per minute), the amplitude (difference between the baseline and the peak of the in- (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Pellet propulsion time was significantly shortened in a frequency dependent manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsColonic peristalsis is mainly regulated via intrinsic neurons in guinea pigs. However, autonomic regulation of colonic motility is poorly understood. We explored a guinea pig model for the study of extrinsic nerve effects on the distal colon. MethodsGuinea pigs were sacrificed, their distal colons isolated, preserving pelvic nerves (PN) and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG), and placed in a tissue bath. Fecal pellet propagation was conducted during PN and IMG stimulation at 10 Hz, 0.5 ms and 5 V. Distal colon was connected to a closed circuit system, and colonic motor responses were measured during PN and IMG stimulation. ResultsPN stimulation increased pellet velocity to 24.6 ± 0.7 mm/sec (n = 20), while IMG stimulation decreased it to 2.0 ± 0.2 mm/sec (n = 12), compared to controls (13.0 ± 0.7 mm/sec, P ＜ 0.01). In closed circuit experiments, PN stimulation increased the intraluminal pressure, which was abolished by atropine (10 −6 M) and hexamethonium (10 −4 M). PN stimulation reduced the incidence of non-coordinated contractions induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 −4 M). IMG stimulation attenuated intraluminal pressure increase, which was partially reversed by alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine; 10 −6 M). Conclusions

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Synaptic organisation of the pelvic ganglion in the guinea-pig

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Light, electron, and confocal microscopic study of the mouse superior mesenteric ganglion

Light, electron, and confocal microscopic study of the mouse superior mesenteric ganglion

Incoming synapses and size of small granule‐containing cells in a rat sympathetic ganglion after post‐ganglionic axotomy.

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

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