Synaptic transmission in the rat dentate gyrus after adrenalectomy

Stienstra, C.M.; Graaf, F. van der; Bosma, A.; Karten, Y.J.G.; Hesen, W.S.; Joëls, Marian

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00655-6

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that adrenalectomy affects differentially the dorsal and ventral blades of the dentate gyrus and suggest that the granule cells of the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus are more vulnerable to adrenalectomy. In line with our findings, several investigators have observed that the earliest cell death occurs at least after 3 days of adrenalectomy [7, 11, 59–61]. However, few investigators reported cell death on day two after adrenalectomy [7, 12, 62].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial activation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus after short-term bilateral adrenalectomy

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBilateral adrenalectomy has been shown to damage the hippocampal neurons. Although the effects of long-term adrenalectomy have been studied extensively there are few publications on the effects of short-term adrenalectomy. In the present study we aimed to investigate the effects of short-term bilateral adrenalectomy on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; the response of microglia and astrocytes to neuronal cell death as well as oxidative stress markers GSH, SOD and MDA over the course of time (4 h, 24 h, 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks) in the hippocampus of Wistar rats.ResultsOur results showed a transient significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from 4 h to 3 days in the adrenalectomized compared to sham operated rats. After 1 week, the elevation of both cytokines returns to the sham levels. Surprisingly, TNF-α levels were significantly elevated at 4 h only in adrenalectomized compared to sham operated rats. The occurrence of neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following adrenalectomy was confirmed by Fluoro-Jade B staining. Our results showed a time dependent increase in degenerated neurons in the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus from 3 days to 2 weeks after adrenalectomy. Our results revealed an early activation of microglia on day three whereas activation of astroglia in the hippocampus was observed at 1 week postoperatively. A progression of microglia and astroglia activation all over the dentate gyrus and their appearance for the first time in CA3 of adrenalectomized rats hippocampi compared to sham operated was seen after 2 weeks of surgery. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of microglia (3, 7 and 14 days) and astrocytes (7 and 14 days) of ADX compared to sham operated rats. Our study revealed no major signs of oxidative stress until 2 weeks after adrenalectomy when a significant decrease of GSH levels and SOD activity as well as an increase in MDA levels were found in adrenalectomized compared to sham rats.ConclusionOur study showed an early increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by neurodegeneration and activation of glial cells as well as oxidative stress. Taking these findings together it could be speculated that the early inflammatory components might contribute to the initiation of the biological cascade responsible for subsequent neuronal death in the current neurodegenerative animal model. These findings suggest that inflammatory mechanisms precede neurodegeneration and glial activation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial activation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus after short-term bilateral adrenalectomy

et al. 2016

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“…It is also possible that the plasma CORT levels in the ADX animals were overestimated due to the limitations of the RIA technique used to measure them. Nevertheless, the plasma CORT values after ADX in the current study are comparable to those reported by others (Stienstra et al, 1998;Jöels et al, 2001). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The earliest that cell death has been observed is 1 day after ADX (Sloviter et al, 1993a); it has also been reported in some other areas of the hippocampus (e.g., Sapolsky et al, 1991;Adem et al, 1994;Islam et al, 1999). There is evidence to indicate that cell loss in the DG after ADX has functional effects, both in terms of reduced electrophysiological responses (e.g., Sloviter et al, 1989;Stienstra et al, 1998;Joëls et al, 2001) and an impairment of learning and memory (e.g., Roy, 1993, 1995;Vaher et al, 1994a,b;Islam et al, 1995;McCormick et al, 1997;Roozendaal et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Adrenalectomy‐induced cell death in the dentate gyrus: Further characterisation using TUNEL and effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, and ginkgolide B

et al. 2003

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This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb-761, and ginkgolide B, on adrenalectomy (ADX)-induced cell death in the dentate gyrus (DG). Adrenalectomised, sham surgery-treated, and naive controls received either EGb-761 (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg), 0.9% saline vehicle control, ginkgolide B (10 or 25 mg/kg), or a polyethylene glycol vehicle control, i.p, daily for 6 days postsurgery. Cell death in the DG was determined by in situ labelling of DNA fragments, using the TUNEL method; sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. Radioimmunoassay was used to confirm a decrease in plasma corticosterone (CORT) after ADX. TUNEL-positive granule cells were observed in the DG at 1 week, but not at 24 h, post-ADX. The rate of granule cell death at this time was highest in the suprapyramidal blade and increased in a crest tip and a rostrotemporal gradient. Whereas CORT replacement completely prevented the occurrence of TUNEL-positive granule cells, EGb-761 and ginkgolide B did not, at any of the doses used. These results suggest that these drugs may not have substantial neuroprotective effects in the ADX model of neurodegeneration.

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“…MR is important for the maintenance of neuronal integrity and stability in the face of the stress response. This can be easily demonstrated after adrenalectomy, which leads to an enhanced apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which can be restored by substitution with low amounts of CORT activating the MR (20 mg/ml; Nair et al, 2004;Stienstra et al, 1998). In mouse mutants with a site-specific knockout of MR, viability of neurons is also compromised (Gass et al, 2000).…”

Section: Corticosteroid Receptors In the Brain: Rapid And Slow Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain development under stress: Hypotheses of glucocorticoid actions revisited

Oitzl

Champagne

Veen

et al. 2010

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

323

218

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Synaptic transmission in the rat dentate gyrus after adrenalectomy

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial activation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus after short-term bilateral adrenalectomy

Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, glial activation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus after short-term bilateral adrenalectomy

Adrenalectomy‐induced cell death in the dentate gyrus: Further characterisation using TUNEL and effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, and ginkgolide B

Brain development under stress: Hypotheses of glucocorticoid actions revisited

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