Synaptinemal Complex

Moses, Montrose J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.02.120168.002051

Cited by 371 publications

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“…It is highly conserved, occurring in virtually all sexually reproducing higher organisms possessing conventional meiosis. Furthermore each SC length is dependent upon chromosome size and SC karyotypes are reproducible and as consistent as conventional mitotic metaphase chromosome karyotypes (Gillies, 1984;Moses, 1968;von Wettstein et a/., 1984). In most prophase I SC preparations the NORs can be identified because they are associated with active nucleoli (Moses et a/., 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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A karyotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome derived from synaptonemal complex analysis at prophase I of meiosis

Albini

1994

The Plant Journal

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SummarySynaptonemal complex (SC) complements prepared for electron microscopy allow high-resolution chromosome analysis. SC preparations were used to determine the relative lengths of the chromosomes of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. This complements the extensive genetic and molecular analyses of these chromosomes. The two smallest SCs (chromosomes) carry a nucleolus-organizing region (NOR) at or near one end, and at prophase I of meiosis both have a relative SC length of about 16-17% of the total complement. The three longest SCs have relative lengths of 19,22.5 and 25% and can be identified on this criterion. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with nonradioactively labelled ribosomal DNA confirmed that there are two pairs of NOR chromosomes and also showed that the ribosomal genes are localized with the nucleolus. SC formation at NORs is often interrupted and this may reduce recombination in these regions of the genome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The synaptonemal complex is a tripartite proteinaceous structure which forms as homologues synapse during prophase I of meiosis (Gillies, 1984;Moses, 1968;von Wettstein et al, 1984). In a normal diploid, at pachytene, the bivalents are fully synapsed and a SC runs from telomere to telomere between each pair of homologues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A karyotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome derived from synaptonemal complex analysis at prophase I of meiosis

Albini

1994

The Plant Journal

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“…The ultrastructure of the synaptonemal complex from the formation of lateral components in leptotene, during the pairing of homologous chromosomes in zygotene until completion of synaptonemal complex formation at pachytene has been analyzed in detail in human spermatocytes (6,7,8,18) as well as in a number of other organisms (reviews 4,13,25). In organisms with chiasmatic meiosis, the bulk of the synaptonereal complexes are shed from the bivalents at the beginning of diplotene, leaving behind short stretches of complex between the homologues (3,10,12,20,22,24,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human meiosis IV. The elimination of synaptonemal complex fragments from metaphase I bivalents of human spermatocytes

Rasmussen

Holm

1978

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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“…Since its discovery by Moses in 1956, the synaptonemal complex has been found to be almost universally associated with crossing-over during the pachytene stage (reviewed in Moses, 1968;Westergaard and von Wettstein, 1972;Gillies, 1975). Exceptions to this rule have been reported.…”

Section: The Synaptonemal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In maize, only the peripheral chromatin is thought to contract (Gillies, 1975) and in Locusta, chromosome contraction appears to be associated with shedding of lateral elements and buckling of the central region (Moens, 1973). After being shed from the chromosomes in diplotene, synaptonemal complexes appear to aggregate together in stacks which have been called polycomplexes (Roth, 1966;Moses, 1968;Dudley, 1973;Fiil and Moens, 1973;Zickler and Olson, 1975;Rasmussen, 1975). Some synaptonemal complex persists around the chiasmata and may help to stabilise these structures (Westergaard and von Wettstein, 1972).…”

Section: The Synaptonemal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical analysis of genetic recombination in eukaryotes

Pukkila

1977

Heredity

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SUMMARYRecent studies concerning molecular mechanisms of genetic recombination in eukaryotes are reviewed. Since many of these studies have focused on the testable predictions arising from the hybrid DNA theory of genetic recombination, this theory is summarised. Experiments to determine the time of meiotic crossing-over and the structure of the synaptonemal complex which facilitates meiotic crossing-over are described. Investigations of DNA nicking and repair events implicated in recombination are discussed. Properties of proteins which may facilitate hybrid DNA formation, and biochemical evidence for hybrid DNA formation are presented. Finally, a nuclease which has been implicated in gene conversion is described.STUDIES of the molecular events which result in recombination between chromosomes have been initiated in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. Since the meiocyte is a highly specialised cell which will produce specialised haploid progeny, the problem of identifying biochemical events which are strictly related to genetic recombination in the meiocyte are formidable indeed. In higher eukaryotes, the task of analysing genetic exchanges is further complicated by the striking evolutionary conservation of the number of reciprocal exchanges which occur in each meiosis. Although the amount of DNA can vary by orders of magnitude, the number of exchanges has remained quite limited.The hybrid DNA theory as proposed by Holliday (1964) and Whitehouse and Hastings (1965) has become the focal point for experimental approaches. The scheme proposed by Holliday (1964) is still compatible with the available genetic data, and thus will be used as a basis for the discussion, in Section 1, of likely biochemical events during meiotic recombination. The first requirement which must be met to study the biochemical predictions which arise from this theory is to determine the time of meiotic crossing-over. The evidence, discussed in Section 2, strongly suggests that genetic exchange occurs during the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase. The prominent feature of the pachytene nucleus, which provides the framework for crossingover, is the synaptonemal complex, whose structure is reviewed in Section 3.DNA nicking and repair events implicated in hybrid DNA formation and recombination are evaluated in Section 4, and properties of DNA binding proteins which may facilitate this process are reviewed in Section 5. Biochemical evidence for hybrid DNA formation is presented in Section 6 and a nuclease implicated in gene conversion is described in Section 7. 's model (1964) nicks are introduced in single strands of the same polarity at corresponding sites in two homologous chromatids. These strands unravel, exchange positions, and reanneal with the complementary unnicked strand in the homologous chromatid, forming a half-chromatid chiasma and generating hybrid DNA on the two chromatids. The following events do not necessarily occur in the order in which they are described. The nicks at the origin of the hybrid DNA are ligated. The ...

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Synaptinemal Complex

Cited by 371 publications

References 0 publications

A karyotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome derived from synaptonemal complex analysis at prophase I of meiosis

A karyotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome derived from synaptonemal complex analysis at prophase I of meiosis

Human meiosis IV. The elimination of synaptonemal complex fragments from metaphase I bivalents of human spermatocytes

Biochemical analysis of genetic recombination in eukaryotes

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