“…In general, it is clear that one cannot use as many sensors as signals of interest characterizing the system behavior for technological constraints, cost reasons, and so on, especially since such signals can come in a quite large number, and they can be of various types: they typically include parameters, time-varying signals characterizing the system (state variables), and unmeasured external disturbances [9,3,20]. As we know, it is almost impossible to measure all the elements of the state vector in practice (e.g., the unknown state variables, fault signals, etc).…”