In this research, first two chaotic systems with unknown parameters, mismatched structures, different fractional derivative orders, non-identical time delays, and external disturbances are synchronized based on the Mittag-Leffler stability analysis. Then, using the synchronized systems, a new voice cryptosystem is designed to securely send voice messages via public communication channels. Finally, numerical simulations confirm that the designed voice cryptosystem possesses an easier practical implementation, more secure and accurate results, and a higher security level than previous voice cryptosystems.