Synchronous assembly of chiral skeletal single-crystalline microvessels

Abstract

Skeletal or concave polyhedral crystals appear in a variety of synthetic processes and natural environments. However, their morphology, size, and orientation are difficult to control because of their highly kinetic growth character. We report a methodology to achieve synchronous, uniaxial, and stepwise growth of micrometer-scale skeletal single crystals from planar-chiral double-decker molecules. Upon drop-casting of a heated ethanol solution onto a quartz substrate, the molecules spontaneously assemble into standing vessel-shaped single crystals uniaxially and synchronously over the wide area of the substrate, with small size polydispersity. The crystal edge is active even after consumption of the molecules and resumes stereoselective growth with successive feeding. The resultant morphology can be packed into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–like microarchitectures and behaves as a microscopic container.

Crystallographic–Morphological Connections in Star Shaped Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…54 Moreover, Oki et al showed that varying the concentration resulted in concave organic structures. 56 We observed that macroscopic features of these crystals are related to their molecular packing. This molecular−macro correlation is manifested both in the straight facets defining the form and the fine surface features.…”

“…The morphology can come about by variation in concentration during the crystallization, − as shown for an isostructural Ni-based MOF (with a different morphology) . Moreover, Oki et al showed that varying the concentration resulted in concave organic structures …”

“…However, the morphology is not among the expected forms (i.e., hexagonal trapezohedron, dihexagonal prism, hexagonal dipyramid, or hexagonal prism) for the point group 622, nor for any of the other point groups. The morphology can come about by variation in concentration during the crystallization, − as shown for an isostructural Ni-based MOF (with a different morphology) . Moreover, Oki et al showed that varying the concentration resulted in concave organic structures …”

Vapor‐Phase Growth Strategies of Fabricating Organic Crystals for Optoelectronic Applications

“…[64] However, crystals prepared by solution method are susceptible to the influence of solvent. In comparison, the vapor-phase methods have the following advantages: i) Some organic semiconductors exhibiting high performance, such as pentene and rubrene, are insoluble in common solvents, while the vapor-phase method can be directly conducted by using solid materials; [65,66] ii) The crystal grown in the liquid phase may be affected by the solvent, and the use of the vaporphase method can exclude the influence of the solvent or even the impurities in the raw material; [67,68] iii) It is easier to form high-quality crystals with high flatness by the direct assembly of vapor molecules. [69] Generally, the approach of transporting gaseous substances from a high-temperature region to a low-temperature region and assembling them into crystals is called the vapor-phase growth methods (Figure 2a).…”

Structural Evolution and Properties of Praseodymium Antimony Oxochlorides Based on a Chain-like Tertiary Building Unit

“…Hierarchical assembly is an effective strategy for rational and precise construction of new structures [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Building units (BUs) are essential in the hierarchical assembly.…”