Synchronous Clock Recovery of Photon-Counting Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Based on Deep Learning

Yang, Haodong; Yan, Qiurong; Wang, Ming; Wang, Yuhao; Wang, Wei

doi:10.3390/photonics9110884

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The recovery of the time slot synchronous in the photon-counting UOWC system is critical, and conventionally it is realized based on symbol synchronization and frame synchronization, which has limited accuracy. To predict the phase value of the time slot synchronous clock, a method of time slot synchronous clock recovery for photon-counting UOWC based on DNNs is designed in [127]. Results show that the photon-counting UOWC based on the ML time slot synchronous clock recovery succeeded in achieving a data rate of 1 Mbps and a BER of 5.35 × 10 −4 at eight photons per time slot.…”

Section: Machine Learning Applications In Uowc 41 Supervised Learning...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed Underwater Optical Wireless Communication with Advanced Signal Processing Methods Survey

Fang

Wang

et al. 2023

Photonics

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Underwater wireless communication (UWC) technology has attracted widespread attention in the past few years. Compared with conventional acoustic underwater wireless communication technology, underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) technology has promising potential to provide high data rate wireless connections due to the large license-free bandwidth. Building a high-performance and reliable UOWC system has become the target of researchers and various advanced and innovative technologies have been proposed and investigated. Among them, better hardware such as transmitters and receivers, as well as more advanced modulation and signal processing techniques, are key factors in improving UOWC system performance. In this paper, we review the recent development in UOWC systems. In particular, we provide a brief introduction to different types of UOWC systems based on channel configuration, and we focus on various recent studies on advanced signal processing methods in UOWC systems, including both traditional non-machine learning (NML) equalizers and machine learning (ML) schemes based on neural networks. In addition, we also discuss the key challenges in UOWC systems for future applications.

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Section: Machine Learning Applications In Uowc 41 Supervised Learning...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed Underwater Optical Wireless Communication with Advanced Signal Processing Methods Survey

Fang

Wang

et al. 2023

Photonics

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“…This poses a challenge in terms of ensuring the reliable and efficient communication in underwater environments. The underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), with its advantages of high speed, low latency, and high confidentiality, can be employed to compose high-speed and real-time local area networks for short to medium ranges, or complement the underwater acoustic communication to build a hybrid network [1][2][3][4][5] . Compared with the UWOC system based on the laser diode (LD), the UWOC system depending on the light-emitting diode (LED) can greatly reduce the requirements of the transceiver alignment for the non-fixed position and orientation in the dynamic seawater environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time UWOC miniaturized system based on FPGA and LED arrays and its application in MIMO

Huang,

Yin,

Liang

et al. 2024

中国光学快报

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In order to alleviate the impact of turbulence on the performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) in real time, and achieve high-speed real-time transmission and low cost and miniaturization of equipment, a 2 × 2 real-time multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) high-speed miniaturized UWOC system based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a high-power light-emitting diode (LED) array is designed in this Letter. In terms of multiplexing gain, the imaging MIMO spatial multiplexing and high-order modulation for the first time are combined and the real-time high-speed transmission of PAM-4 signal based on the LED array light source in 12 m underwater channel at 100 Mbps rate is implemented, which effectively improves the throughput of the UWOC system with a high-power commercial LED light source. In light of diversity gain, the system employs the diversity of repeated coding scheme to receive two identical non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signals, which can compensate the fading or flickering sublinks in real time under the bubble-like simulated turbulence condition, and has high robustness. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of a high rate and long-distance implementation of a turbulence-resistant real-time MIMO miniaturized UWOC system based on FPGA and high-power LED arrays. With spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing capabilities, its low cost, integrity, and high robustness provide the system with important practical prospects.

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Schrödinger's Red Beyond 65,000 Pixel‐Per‐Inch by Multipolar Interaction in Freeform Meta‐Atom through Efficient Neural Optimizer

Lin,

Valuckas,

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Freeform nanostructures have the potential to support complex resonances and their interactions, which are crucial for achieving desired spectral responses. However, the design optimization of such structures is nontrivial and computationally intensive. Furthermore, the current “black box” design approaches for freeform nanostructures often neglect the underlying physics. Here, a hybrid data‐efficient neural optimizer for resonant nanostructures by combining a reinforcement learning algorithm and Powell's local optimization technique is presented. As a case study, silicon nanostructures with a highly‐saturated red color are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, color coordinates of (0.677, 0.304) in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity diagram – close to the ideal Schrödinger's red, with polarization independence, high reflectance (>85%), and a large viewing angle (i.e., up to ± 25°) is achieved. The remarkable performance is attributed to underlying generalized multipolar interferences within each nanostructure rather than the collective array effects. Based on that, pixel size down to ≈400 nm, corresponding to a printing resolution of 65000 pixels per inch is demonstrated. Moreover, the proposed design model requires only ≈300 iterations to effectively search a thirteen‐dimensional (13D) design space – an order of magnitude more efficient than the previously reported approaches. The work significantly extends the free‐form optical design toolbox for high‐performance flat‐optical components and metadevices.

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Synchronous Clock Recovery of Photon-Counting Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Based on Deep Learning

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

High-Speed Underwater Optical Wireless Communication with Advanced Signal Processing Methods Survey

High-Speed Underwater Optical Wireless Communication with Advanced Signal Processing Methods Survey

Real-time UWOC miniaturized system based on FPGA and LED arrays and its application in MIMO

Schrödinger's Red Beyond 65,000 Pixel‐Per‐Inch by Multipolar Interaction in Freeform Meta‐Atom through Efficient Neural Optimizer

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