Synchronous magnetic control of water droplets in bulk ferrofluid

Katsikis, Georgios; Breant, Alexandre; Rinberg, Anatoly; Prakash, Manu

doi:10.1039/c7sm01973d

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the droplets can be readily applied through pipettes or syringes. Their manipulation can be achieved through external or internal forces generated by magnetic fields, electrical fields, or chemical reactions, resulting in motion in both dry and wet conditions and capabilities of reaching narrow space that is inaccessible by conventional robots. By combining state‐of‐the‐art flexible electronics, it is feasible for the droplets to achieve customized functions including, but not limited to, energy harvesting, sensing of physical and chemical parameters, and actuation in a self‐sustainable manner.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplets as Carriers for Flexible Electronic Devices

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

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Coupling soft bodies and dynamic motions with multifunctional flexible electronics is challenging, but is essential in satisfying the urgent and soaring demands of fully soft and comprehensive robotic systems that can perform tasks in spite of rigorous spatial constraints. Here, the mobility and adaptability of liquid droplets with the functionality of flexible electronics, and techniques to use droplets as carriers for flexible devices are combined. The resulting active droplets (ADs) with volumes ranging from 150 to 600 µL can conduct programmable functions, such as sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting defined by the carried flexible devices and move under the excitation of gravitational force or magnetic force. They work in both dry and wet environments, and adapt to the surrounding environment through reversible shape shifting. These ADs can achieve controllable motions at a maximum velocity of 226 cm min−1 on a dry surface and 32 cm min−1 in a liquid environment. The conceptual system may eventually lead to individually addressable ADs that offer sophisticated functions for high‐throughput molecule analysis, drug assessment, chemical synthesis, and information collection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplets as Carriers for Flexible Electronic Devices

Zhou

Zhao

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

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“…microfluidics also has the capacity to direct droplet transport, mixture, separation, and distribution, and serves as biological or chemical reactor. [150][151][152][153][154] In magnetic digital microfluidic systems, the performance of ferrofluids is mainly reflected in three aspects. The first is magnetic cargo ship: ferrofluid droplets could merge into fixed liquid droplets, load or discharge cargos, and isolate from the droplets.…”

Section: Magnetic Digital Microfluidicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different from magnetic continuous‐flow microfluidics, magnetic digital microfluidics aims to handle discrete droplets in an individual manner . In addition to controlling the direction, speed, and style of droplet movement, magnetic digital microfluidics also has the capacity to direct droplet transport, mixture, separation, and distribution, and serves as biological or chemical reactor . In magnetic digital microfluidic systems, the performance of ferrofluids is mainly reflected in three aspects.…”

Section: Ferrofluid‐assisted Fluid and Droplet Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Ferrofluids: Design and Applications

et al. 2019

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Ferrofluids, also known as ferromagnetic particle suspensions, are materials with an excellent magnetic response, which have attracted increasing interest in both industrial production and scientific research areas. Because of their outstanding features, such as rapid magnetic reaction, flexible flowability, as well as tunable optical and thermal properties, ferrofluids have found applications in various fields, including material science, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering. Here, a comprehensive, in‐depth insight into the diverse applications of ferrofluids from material fabrication, droplet manipulation, and biomedicine to energy and machinery is provided. Design of ferrofluid‐related devices, recent developments, as well as present challenges and future prospects are also outlined.

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“…The thermal effects on the ferrofluid are captured inside a right angled elbow channel in [17], which concluded that the Nusselt number (ratio of convective to conductive thermal transfer) increases with the increase in the intensity of magnetic field. Katsikis et al [18] addressed a microfluidic platform for magnetic manipulation of water droplets immersed in bulk oil-based ferrofluid. Katsikis et al [18] also drew attention on the future applications due to the potential biocompatibility of the droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Katsikis et al [18] addressed a microfluidic platform for magnetic manipulation of water droplets immersed in bulk oil-based ferrofluid. Katsikis et al [18] also drew attention on the future applications due to the potential biocompatibility of the droplets. The thermal and magnetic effects in T-shaped channel were studied in [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Theoretical Approach of Wall Transpiration in the Cavity Flow of the Ferrofluids

Siddiqui

Türkyılmazoğlu

2019

Micromachines

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An idea of permeable (suction/injection) chamber is proposed in the current work to control the secondary vortices appearing in the well-known lid-driven cavity flow by means of the water based ferrofluids. The Rosensweig model is conveniently adopted for the mathematical analysis of the physical problem. The governing equation of model is first transformed into the vorticity transport equation. A special finite difference method in association with the successive over-relaxation method (SOR) is then employed to numerically simulate the flow behavior. The effects of intensity of magnetic source (controlled by the Stuart number), aspect ratio of the cavity, rate of permeability (i.e., α p = V 0 U ), ratio of speed of suction/injection V 0 to the sliding-speed U of the upper wall of a cavity, and Reynolds number on the ferrofluid in the cavity are fully examined. It is found that the secondary vortices residing on the lower wall of the cavity are dissolved by the implementation of the suction/injection chamber. Their character is dependent on the rate of permeability. The intensity of magnetic source affects the system in such a way to alter the flow and to transport the fluid away from the magnetic source location. It also reduces the loading effects on the walls of the cavity. If the depth of cavity (or the aspect ratio) is increased, the secondary vortices join together to form a single secondary vortex. The number of secondary vortices is shown to increase if the Reynolds number is increased for both the clear fluid as well as the ferrofluids. The suction and injection create resistance in settlement of solid ferroparticles on the bottom. The results obtained are validated with the existing data in the literature and satisfactory agreement is observed. The presented problem may find applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and engineering industries.

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Synchronous magnetic control of water droplets in bulk ferrofluid

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Droplets as Carriers for Flexible Electronic Devices

Droplets as Carriers for Flexible Electronic Devices

Flexible Ferrofluids: Design and Applications

A New Theoretical Approach of Wall Transpiration in the Cavity Flow of the Ferrofluids

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