“…In order to use the dispersion curves for geoacoustic parameter inversion, it is necessary to extract the dispersion curves for each mode from the spectrogram of the received signal, and then compare them with the simulated replicas obtained by the normal-mode-based propagation model. Recently, since warping transform was proposed as a good tool used for extracting the dispersion curves in the spectrogram (Bonnel et al, 2020), it has been applied to geoacoustic inversion studies in shallow water using various low-frequency broadband sound sources such as airgun, gunshot, light bulb, and whale call (Bonnel et al, 2013;Warner et al, 2015;Duan et al, 2016;Warner et al, 2016;Thode et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2020).…”