Synchrotron radiation as an absolute standard source

Einfeld, D.; Stuck, D.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(80)90619-9

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The x-ray beam produced at X17 included the effect of the wiggler magnetic field. The beam was taken as parallel, with approximately 90% linear polarization (Einfeld and Stuck 1980). It was filtered with a copper foil (0.25 mm) and a silicon filter (3.7 mm thickness).…”

Section: The Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system⁴

et al. 2000

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Microbeam therapy is established as a general concept for brain tumour treatment. A synchrotron based x-ray source was chosen for experimental research into microbeam therapy, and therefore new simulations were essential for investigating the therapy parameters with a proper description of the synchrotron radiation characteristics. To design therapy parameters for tumour treatments, the newly upgraded LSCAT (Low energy SCATtering) package of the EGS4 Monte Carlo simulation code was adapted to develop an accurate self-written user code for calculating microbeam radiation dose profiles with a precision of 1 microm. LSCAT is highly suited to this purpose due to its ability to simulate low-energy x-ray transport with detailed photon interactions (including bound electron incoherent scattering functions, and linear polarized coherent scattering). The properties of the synchrotron x-ray microbeam, including its polarization, source spectrum and beam penumbra, were simulated by the new user codes. Two concentric spheres, an inner sphere, defined as a brain, and a surrounding sphere, defined as a skull, represented the phantom. The microbeam simulation was tested using a 3 x 3 cm array beam for small treatment areas and a 6 x 6 cm array for larger ones, with different therapy parameters, such as beam width and spacing. The results showed that the microbeam array retained an adequate peak-to-valley ratio, of five times at least, at tissue depths suitable for radiation therapy. Dose measurements taken at 1 microm resolution with an 'edge-on' MOSFET validated the basics of the user code for microplanar radiation therapy.

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Section: The Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system⁴

et al. 2000

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“…At the latter two, PTB has installed and is operating equipment for the measurement of the storage ring parameters needed for the calculation of Φ λ according to Eq. (1). The electron energy is measured by the method of Compton backscattering of laser photons.…”

Section: Storage Rings As Primary Source Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Already during the construction phase of Berlin's first dedicated SR source, the electron storage ring BESSY I, PTB was involved in preparing this facility for use as a primary radiation source standard [1]. In the PTB laboratory at BESSY I, the first three experimental stations for radiometric applications in the spectral range from the ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum-UV (VUV) to the soft X-ray regime started operation at the end of 1982 and in 1983 [2], i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quarter‐century of metrology using synchrotron radiation by PTB in Berlin

Beckhoff¹,

Gottwald²,

Klein³

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (b)

131

114

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For more than 25 years, the Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt has been strongly engaged in the field of metrology using synchrotron radiation. In Berlin, this research programme started together with the user operation of the electron storage ring BESSY I in the early 1980s. At the beginning, the work was focused on fundamental radiometry, i.e. using the storage ring as a primary radiation source standard and operating beamlines for source and detector calibration in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range. Meanwhile, at the electron storage rings BESSY II and Metrology Light Source in Berlin‐Adlershof, the activities have been extended to a broad range of fundamental and applied photon metrology in the range from the far infrared to hard X‐rays, including methods like cryogenic radiometry, reflectometry and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present review, we give a short historical introduction to this work, describe our laboratories and the basic radiometric principles, and present examples of recent applications, largely performed within the framework of scientific cooperations with external partners from industry and research. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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“…Since the H-function is determined by the Twiss parameters and dispersion in bending magnets, low emittance can be reached if the beam -matrix and (s) have specifically controlled values within the bending magnets. By way of example we can analytically evaluate the horizontal emittance for two well known examples: the first bend magnet of a flat-field double-bend achromat (DBA) lattice (Chasman & Green, 1975) and the centre bend magnet of a flat-field triplebend achromat (TBA) structure (Einfeld & Muelhaupt, 1980). For the DBA example, the horizontal dispersion function is zero (achromat) at the entrance of the first bend magnet of length L. The emittance is minimized when x has, at the distance S * from the beginning of the magnet, a minimum value min such that the following relations hold,…”

Section: Low-emittance Lattice Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

First multi-bend achromat lattice consideration

Einfeld

Pleško²,

Schaper

2014

J Synchrotron Rad

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By the beginning of 1990, three third-generation synchrotron light sources had been successfully commissioned in Grenoble, Berkeley and Trieste (ESRF, ALS and ELETTRA). Each of these new machines reached their target specifications without any significant problems. In parallel, already at that time discussions were underway regarding the next generation, the `diffraction-limited light source (DLSR)', which featured sub-nm rad electron beam emittance, photon beam brilliance exceeding 1022and the potential to emit coherent radiation. Also, at about that time, a first design for a 3 GeV DLSR was developed, based on a modified multiple-bend achromat (MBA) design leading to a lattice with normalized emittance of ∊x= 0.5 nm rad. The novel feature of the MBA lattice was the use of seven vertically focusing bend magnets with different bending angles throughout the achromat cell to keep the radiation integrals and resulting beam emittance low. The baseline design called for a 400 m ring circumference with 12 straight sections of 6 m length. The dynamic aperture behaviour of the DLSR lattice was estimated to produce > 5 h beam lifetime at 100 mA stored beam current.

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Synchrotron radiation as an absolute standard source

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system⁴

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system⁴

A quarter‐century of metrology using synchrotron radiation by PTB in Berlin

First multi-bend achromat lattice consideration

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Synchrotron radiation as an absolute standard source

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system4

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system4

A quarter‐century of metrology using synchrotron radiation by PTB in Berlin

First multi-bend achromat lattice consideration

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Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system⁴

Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system⁴