Synchrotron X-ray diffraction computed tomography to non-destructively study inorganic treatments for stone conservation

Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRDCT): a new tool in cultural heritage and stone conservation for 3D non-destructive probing and phase analysis of inorganic re-treatments

“…The procedure, described in ref. 33, implies the splitting of the XRDCT thermal image of a phase into its red, green, and blue component and generates three distinct maps illustrating the spatial arrangement of each channel. These three new false colour maps range from black (indicating absence or low intensity) to red (or green or blue, depending on the channel, signifying high intensity of that specific channel).…”

“…[32][33][34] Recently, the ability of XRDCT to simultaneously provide XRD and tomographic data was used in stone conservation to 3D map the crystallization of calcium phosphates formed by DAP treatments. 33 However, to date, no XRDCT data are available on crystalline phases formed within porous stone substrates treated by AmOx as well as on the 3D and compositional interaction of AmOx and DAP inorganic treatments applied in sequence on the same stone substrate.…”

“…Fig.3XRDCT image reconstruction and RGB correlation (red channels,33 ) of the Noto limestone treated with DAP (a), AmOx (b), DAP → AmOx (c) and AmOx → DAP (d). For each typology of treatment, the circles of the additive synthesis show the false colour attributed to the red channel of specific crystalline phases (HAP, OCP, WHE and Cal).…”

Focused‐beam X‐ray fluorescence and diffraction microtomographies for mineralogical and chemical characterization of unsectioned extraterrestrial samples

“…The synchrotron-based XRF and XRD tomography methods described here are both focused-beam techniques, where measured intensities of either diffracted X-rays that are transmitted through a sample or fluorescent X-rays (XRF) excited in a sample during irradiation by an incident X-ray beam are tomographically reconstructed. X-ray diffraction tomography, in particular, is not currently a standard technique available to researchers and the few examples available are materials science studies (Alvarez-Murga et al, 2011Artioli et al, 2010;Bleuet et al, 2008;Dong et al, 2021;Grant et al, 1993;Possenti et al, 2022). While point microfocused XRD methods are a wellestablished technique for mineralogical analysis of natural materials (Adcock et al, 2017;Flynn et al, 2009;Gr€ afe et al, 2014;Kayama et al, 2018;Lange et al, 2010;Lanzirotti et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2012;Miyahara et al, 2013;Tschauner et al, 2021;Walker et al, 2009), tomographic imaging of measured diffraction intensities for studying complex multicomponent samples is relatively novel.…”

Conical shell illumination incorporating a moving aperture for depth-resolved high-energy X-ray diffraction

“…Rapid material identification by energy-dispersive XRD is possible at 48 mAs to 0.4 mAs but at the expense of spatial resolution. 14 In addition, tomographic XRD implementation strategies have been investigated including 3DXRD, 15 TEDDI, 16,17 XDi, 18 SICSI, 13 and XRD-CT, [19][20][21][22][23] and all have been individually adapted to their proposed applications.…”