Syncytial giant cell hepatitis in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients with chronic hepatitis C: 2 cases and review of the literature

Clinicopathologic spectrum of massive and submassive hepatic necrosis in infants and children

“…SGCT has been reported in association with paramyxoviruslike particles on transmission electron microscopy [26][27][28] but has also been documented in a wide variety of settings including viral, autoimmune, or drug-induced hepatitis [29][30][31][32]. In our study, SGCT did not correlate with any of the clinical variables recorded but was significantly associated with increased cholestasis, ductular proliferation, and hepatocyte ballooning.…”

Hepatic giant cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection and HCV/HIV co-infection

“…Most of the case reports and case series that describe giant cell changes in the liver have reported the giant cell changes in the setting of significant active inflammation or marked cholestasis and have typically been in the context of a diagnosis of PIGCH. Included in these reports are descriptions of giant cell transformation of hepatocytes in the setting of HCV infection,5 6 9 – 11 HIV infection4 – 8 and HCV/HIV co-infection 15. The findings in this study extend our understanding of giant cell transformation in the setting of HCV by clarifying their clinical significance.…”

Giant cell hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia after chickenpox

“…GCH is commonly described in infants and is associated with autoimmune disorders, drug reactions and viral infections (3,4). Although the exact cause of the condition is unknown, HIV, hepatitis C and E and herpes virus are reported to be related with the presumed autoimmune process (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

“…However, on very rare occasions, it is accompanied by giant cell hepatitis (GCH), which is progressive and often fatal (1,2). Giant cell transformation of the liver is commonly seen during the neonatal and early infantile periods, and it is described in association with autoimmune disorders, drug reactions and viral infections (3,4). Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia supports the autoimmune pathogenesis of AIHA with GCH entity, and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs may offer beneficial effects and resolution of both diseases (5).…”