Synergestic use of RADARSAT, ERS and "Okean" radar images for sea ice studies in the Northern Sea Route

Johannessen, Ola M.; Alexandrov, V.; Sandven, Stein; Pettersson, Lasse H.; Bobylev, Leonid; Khizhnichenko, V.M.; Volkov, A. M.; Lundhaug, M.; Dalen, O.; Kloster, K.; Bogdanov, A. V.; Zaitsev, Lev V.

doi:10.1109/igarss.1999.772022

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Light scattering from rough surfaces is of interest in many applications including remote sensing, medicine, and materials testing, to name a few. Numerous analytical formulations have been proposed in the literature to examine this problem [29,[32][33][34][35]. These models may be classified based on the degree of surface roughness.…”

Section: Light Scattering From Rough Random Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Paper: Theory and Practice

Farnood

2009

Trans. Of the XIVth Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 2009

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The perceived value of paper products depends not only upon their performance but also upon their visual appeal. The optical properties of paper, including whiteness, brightness, opacity, and gloss, affect its visual perception and appeal. From a practical point of view, it is important to quantify these optical properties by means of reliable and repeatable measurement methods, and furthermore, to relate these measured values to the structure of paper and characteristics of its constituents. This would allow papermakers to design new products with improved quality and reduced cost. In recent years, significant progress has been made in terms of the fundamental understanding of light-paper interaction and its effect on paper’s appearance. The introduction of digital imaging technology has led to the emergence of a new category of optical testing methods and has provided fresh insights into the relationship between paper’s structure and its optical properties. These developments were complemented by advances in the theoretical treatment of light propagation in paper. In particular, wave scattering theories in random media are ﬁnding increasing applicability in gaining a better understanding of the optical properties of paper. In this document, a review of these advancements is presented.

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Section: Light Scattering From Rough Random Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Paper: Theory and Practice

Farnood

2009

Trans. Of the XIVth Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 2009

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“…Spaceborne SAR provides high spatial resolution images and is one of the main sources from which detailed maps of sea ice conditions are produced for navigation in sea ice or at the ice margin (Karvonen, 2014). SAR is an active microwave sensor, which can achieve spatial resolutions ranging from about 1 m to 100 m (Johannessen et al., 2007). Image products of lower resolutions provide swath widths up to 500 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAR and Passive Microwave Fusion Scheme: A Test Case on Sentinel‐1/AMSR‐2 for Sea Ice Classification

Khachatrian

Dierking

Chlaily

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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In the new millennium, sea ice research has become an important topic due to an unprecedented sea ice decline in the Arctic (England et al., 2020). One reason is that sea ice plays an essential role in the polar ecosystem (Funder et al., 2010). Moreover, the knowledge about sea ice conditions is crucial for polar navigation, offshore operations, weather forecasting, and climate research (Sandven et al., 2006). The main sources of information about sea ice conditions and climatological studies are data from passive microwave radiometers (PMR), and synthetic aperture radars (SAR). The latter is preferably used for tactical navigational support and for local studies requiring data at high spatial resolution. Both sensors are commonly used due to their independence of cloud and light conditions and therefore their ability to provide imaging of the Earth's surface continuously during day and night, and for almost all weather situations (Wang et al., 2016).Spaceborne SAR provides high spatial resolution images and is one of the main sources from which detailed maps of sea ice conditions are produced for navigation in sea ice or at the ice margin (Karvonen, 2014). SAR is an active microwave sensor, which can achieve spatial resolutions ranging from about 1 m to 100 m (Johannessen et al., 2007). Image products of lower resolutions provide swath widths up to 500 km. An increased spatial resolution reduces the achievable swath width down to a few kilometers. The interpretation of SAR data is challenging due to the complex relationship between radar backscatter and sea ice surface and volume properties and strongly relies on the knowledge of sea ice experts (Zakhvatkina et al., 2019).Passive microwave radiometers are another type of sensor and are commonly used for large-scale sea ice observations. These sensors operate at multiple frequencies, each of which has different spatial resolutions and sensitivity to atmospheric parameters, in particular to cloud liquid water and atmospheric water vapor (Spreen et al., 2008). However, even the finest spatial resolution achievable with passive microwave sensors is about 3 km and hence significantly coarser than in the case of SAR. The finest spatial resolution is achieved at frequencies of around 90 GHz which, however, comes with a greater susceptibility to atmospheric noise. This effect is less severe at

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“…Sea-ice represents approximately from 7% to 15% of the ocean surface. Its study is important for observing and modeling the global warming, especially due to the interaction of sea-ice with atmosphere and ocean (Johannessen et al, 2007;Shokr & Sinha, 2015), and economic activities enhancement (fisheries, freight transport). Our goal is twofold: improve wave products in the marginal ice zone Abstract SWIM on board CFOSAT is the first spaceborne, low incidence, rotating scatterometer, aiming at measuring in near-real time ocean waves spectra.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sea‐Ice Detection From Near‐Nadir Ku‐Band Echoes From CFOSAT/SWIM Scatterometer

Peureux

Longépé

Mouche

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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SWIM on board CFOSAT is the first spaceborne, low incidence, rotating scatterometer, aiming at measuring in near‐real time ocean waves spectra. With five off‐nadir beams at incidences between 2° and 10° plus one nadir beam, it covers the Earth in 13 days, including polar regions thanks to its polar orbit. This work aims at exploiting SWIM data over ice regions with two objectives. An off‐nadir data‐based sea‐ice flag is here proposed that allows, first, to eliminate sea‐ice polluted echoes for improving the wave spectrum retrieval, and second, to open perspectives for application of sea‐ice monitoring with near‐nadir Ku‐band active sensors. To this end, the signature of both open water and sea‐ice radar backscatter is parameterized into Geophysical Model Functions. Then, comparisons with observed profiles through a Bayesian scheme provide a probability of sea‐ice presence. After comparison with both model (ECMWF‐IFS) and radiometer (SSMI) derived reference data sets, the proposed flag is found to be ready for operational use. At latitudes greater than 40° in absolute value, the proposed flagging algorithm exhibits accuracies of approximately 98% for all beams compared to SSMI data. Beam to beam performances are characterized and show potential for the characterization of sea‐ice at Ku‐band.

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Synergestic use of RADARSAT, ERS and "Okean" radar images for sea ice studies in the Northern Sea Route

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Optical Properties of Paper: Theory and Practice

Optical Properties of Paper: Theory and Practice

SAR and Passive Microwave Fusion Scheme: A Test Case on Sentinel‐1/AMSR‐2 for Sea Ice Classification

Sea‐Ice Detection From Near‐Nadir Ku‐Band Echoes From CFOSAT/SWIM Scatterometer

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