Synergetic Effect on Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Spray-Coated Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Additive Doping and Antisolvent Additive Spraying Treatment

Abstract

Improving perovskite film quality is essential for making solar cells with enhanced performance. A critical bottleneck for progress in perovskite solar cell science is the lack of a scalable coating method that can be used for industrial manufacturing. This study investigated the combined cooperation of methylammonium acetate (MAAc) additive doping in a perovskite precursor solution and a mixed nonfullerene small-molecule semiconductor additive (DCDTT) in chlorobenzene for an antisolvent spraying treatment for the preparation of an ultrasonic spray-coated perovskite film. This spray-coating method forms densely arranged crystals and passivates the defect states located around the surface grain boundaries through additive engineering. The additives form an MAAc-based intermediate and DCDTT coordination interaction with Pb 2+ , increasing the film quality of the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite. It was found that the addition of MAAc together with the antisolvent DCDTT treatment contributed to the enhanced crystallinity and reduced grain boundaries and trap states in perovskite films. These attributes result in a markedly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.18% in the corresponding inverted perovskite solar cell than in the control device, with a PCE of 10.04%. The synergetic additive-modified perovskite devices retain ∼85% of the initial PCE after 7 days under ambient conditions. These observations point to a passivating effect by introducing additives while using a scalable spraying method for depositing perovskite films.

Enhanced efficiency and stability of scalable spray-coated perovskite solar cells with ionic liquid additives

“…In previous work by the present authors, perovskite lms were prepared by ultrasonic spray-coating in ambient air with a relative humidity of $40%. 30,[52][53][54] The perovskite precursor solution, broken into tens of micron-sized droplets by an ultrasonic nozzle, was uniformly deposited onto the substrate at a constant moving speed to obtain wet lms. Typically, the choice of antisolvent for the post-treatment enables further control of the perovskite thin lm morphology, [55][56][57] which determines the photovoltaic properties.…”

Dopant‐Free Pyrrolopyrrole‐Based (PPr) Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Stability Over 6000 h

“…The second oxidation peaks appeared around +0.8 V and correlated with P3HT, corresponding to the alkylated poly-thiophene units involved in all the polymers. The estimated HOMO/LUMO values of the four polymers are −5.00/−3.00 eV for PPr-SBT-6 (1), −5.02/−3.03 eV for PPr-SBT-14 (2), −5.07/−2.90 eV for PPr-BT-14 (3), and −5.25/−3.03 eV for P3HT (4). With the electrondonating PPr moiety, the HOMO energies of three PPr-based polymers (−5.0 to −5.07 eV) are higher than that of P3HT (−5.25 eV).…”

“…Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites play important roles in many application fields, such as solar energy conversion, [1][2][3][4][5][6] photodetectors, [7,8] light-emitting diodes, lasers and others due to their unique optoelectronic characteristics. [9,10] Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) which replace lead in the traditional B site of a perovskite structure, played a promising role for the development of lead-free PSC.…”

Solvent–antisolvent interactions in metal halide perovskites

“…A promising technique in this case can be the spraying of the antisolvent, which proved promising both on small and large areas of samples. 59,127 However, significantly more research is required in order to fully adapt the solvent-engineering method for large area fabrication.…”