Synergetic interfacial adsorption of protein and low-molecular-weight emulsifiers in aerated emulsions

The Effect of Emulsifying Protein and Addition of Condensed Tannins on n-3 PUFA Enriched Emulsions for Functional Foods

“…As may be observed in Figure 1, both control Es exhibited a monomodal distribution with a mainly large-sized population (around 1.4 µm), which was narrower and better defined in the case of E-SC-C, likely reflecting a more stable emulsion. Similar results were observed by Jiang et al [22] in caseinate-based emulsions elaborated with increasing low molecular weight emulsifier concentrations, but exhibiting a bimodal size distribution at a concentration below 0.25% w/w. These findings indicate that in control Es, both EPs, SC and WPI, were adequately adsorbed onto the droplets' surface, forming an interfacial membrane through repulsive strong interactions (e.g., steric and electrostatic interactions) between oil droplets, which are resistant to rupture [8,23].…”

“…However, the emulsion E-WPI-T became more viscous, showing the highest resistance to flow and the highest shear stress value over the complete shear rate range studied, and even with an apparent and measurable initial yield stress at~3 Pa, indicating plastic behavior. E-WPI-T also had apparent viscosity values similar to those reported by Jiang et al [22] in caseinate-based Es stabilized with low molecular weight emulsifiers. On the contrary, small differences can be observed between the flow curves of E-SC-C, E-SC-T and E-WPI-C samples, mainly at the highest shear rates.…”

“…The flow behavior of an emulsion is critical to its physical stability [22]. Figure 2 illustrates the applicability of the power law model to the Es stabilized by both SC and WPI, either without or with added T. Shear stress-shear rate plots become almost linear when plotted on double logarithmic coordinates, and the power law model properly described the data of Es, which exhibited a shear-thinning behavior.…”

“…The d43 values were significantly lower for E-SC-C (1.23 ± 0.084 μm) than for E-WPI-C (1.70 ± 0.285 μm). The faster the emulsifier adsorption, the smaller the droplets of the emulsion formed [22]. The d43 value increased very significantly with additional T incorporation in Es prepared with both EPs (23.8 ± 0.829 and 16.6 ± 2.87 μm, respectively).…”

Encapsulation and stability of a phenolic-rich extract from mango peel within water-in-oil-in-water emulsions

“…Conversely, among hydrophilic surfactants, Tween (polysorbate) and Span (sorbitan) series are the most used. As surfactants adsorb to the interface, these molecules lower emulsions' interfacial tension, keeping a smooth surface and preventing coalescence of droplets (Jiang et al, 2018). Thus, the HLB value of surfactants, coupled with shear stress conditions, needs to be carefully selected to achieve long-term stable W 1 /O/W 2 emulsion systems.…”