Synergic Deoxy Reforming of Cellulose and Fatty Oil Using Molecular‐Sieve‐Supported Molybdenum Carbide and Tungsten Carbide towards Hydrocarbon‐Rich Oil for Fuels

Abstract

Cellulose with 15 % fatty oil is converted to a hydrocarbon‐rich oil comprised mainly of alkylbenzenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons through a synergic deoxy reforming (SDR) process. To further decrease the oxygen content and investigate the carbon distribution in the hydrocarbon oil, metal carbides (M2C, M=Mo, W) supported on molecular sieves (ZSM‐5, MCM‐41, SBA‐15) with different pore structures were synthesized and employed as catalysts. The impacts of the M2C particles on the pore size of the supports and the catalytic selectivity were investigated. The ZSM‐5 series of catalysts shows a relatively high selectivity for alkylbenzenes, especially Mo2C/ZSM‐5, because of the abundant acid sites on the catalyst surfaces, whereas the MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 series of catalysts, especially W2C/MCM‐41, show a relatively high selectivity for alkanes, which is attributed to their mesoporous structure. Additionally, Mo2C/MCM‐41 catalysts show the highest deoxygenation efficiency of 95.7 %. This research provides a rational catalyst design to control the carbon distribution and components in SDR oil and paves the way for the full utilization of biomass waste and waste/gutter oil.

Rapid identification of gutter oil by detecting the capsaicin using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

“…Gutter oil refers to a kind of illicit cooking oils, which has been recycled from waste oil collected from sources including restaurant fryers, grease traps, and sewage from sewer drains. [1,2] The gutter oil is pretended to be edible oils to gain greater benefits because it shows no evident difference in appearance. [3] An increasing number of studies have pointed out that gutter oil is toxic, which can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea.…”