Synergic Effect of Niobium Doping and Carbon Coating on the Performance of a Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ Anode Candidate for Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

This study designates the outcomes of niobium doping and carbon coating on the structural and electrochemical performance of Li2ZnTi3O8 as an anode electrode for use in Li-ion batteries. Nb-doped, carbon-coated Li2ZnTi2.95Nb0.05O8/C (LZTO-2) and pristine Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO-1) anode materials were synthesized using facile sonication-assisted solid-state synthesis using sucrose as the carbon source. The synthesized materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical investigations are carried out using galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Structural analysis shows that the synthesized materials crystallize in the P4332 space group. It is observed through these studies that Nb doping (5%) and carbon (10%) coating have improved significantly the electrochemical performance of the (LZTO-2) as compared to (LZTO-1). LZTO-2 exhibits excellent cyclic performance and specific capacity (mA h g–1) at all C-rates. The excellent specific capacity of LZTO-2 at higher C-rates (5C, 10C, 20C, and 30C), i.e., 156, 135, 113, and 77 mA h g–1, respectively, as compared to LZTO-1, i.e., 127, 89, 48, and 26 mA h g–1, respectively, can be attributed to low charge transfer resistance resulting from having the proper amount of dopant and carbon content. Higher specific capacities, low charge transfer resistance, and higher values of Li-ion diffusion coefficient indicate that LZTO-2 is a magnificent anode electrode for commercial Li-ion batteries.

Construction of Artificial SEI on Graphite Electrode through Electropolymerization of p-Sulfonated Polyallyl Phenyl Ether

“…S4, a broad peak appears at about 0.7 V during the first negative scan, which can be attributed to the formation of SEI. 36 The redox peaks correspond to the delithiation/lithiation process of graphite and correspond well to the platform of the charge-discharge curves. The redox peak of SPAPE/NG-20 in the voltage range is more obvious and the peak surface area is larger, indicating that its redox activity is higher than that of NG electrode.…”

Polycrystal Li2ZnTi3O8/C anode with lotus seedpod structure for high-performance lithium storage

“…For example, carbon ( Qin et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Bai et al, 2022 ) or conductive compound ( Yang et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2019 ; Qiu et al, 2021 ) coating can enhance the surface electronic conductivity and decrease the particle size of LZTO. Metal ion doping ( Firdous et al, 2020 ; Ma et al, 2021 ; Qi et al, 2021 ; Tang et al, 2021 ) can improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity and stabilize the structure of LZTO. Nano-sized LZTO can shorten the diffusion distances of Li + ions ( Xu et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Lan et al, 2017 ).…”

Comparison of different methods for Li2MTi3O8 (M – Co, Cu, Zn) synthesis

“…For the potential metal ( M ) candidates for a Li 2 M Ti 3 O 8 anode of ion batteries, we selected zinc (Zn), 6 cobalt (Co) 7 and copper (Cu) 8…”

“…Thus, such a structure causes increased stability with respect to the formation of Li dendrites. 5 For the potential metal (M) candidates for a Li 2 MTi 3 O 8 anode of ion batteries, we selected zinc (Zn), 6 cobalt (Co) 7 and copper (Cu). 8 In order to obtain Li titanates, a high-temperature solid-state synthesis method is used that provides the formation of dense ceramics by sintering a stoichiometric mixture of powders of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) or acetate (synthesis of Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8…”