Synergies of THESEUS with the large facilities of the 2030s and guest observer opportunities

Rosati, P.; Basa, S.; Blain, A. W.; Bozzo, E.; Branchesi, M.; Christensen, L.; Ferrara, Andrea; Gomboc, A.; O’Brien, P. T.; Osborne, J. P.; Rossi, A.; Schüßler, F.; Spurio, M.; Stergioulas, Nikolaos; Stratta, G.; Amati, L.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Ciolfi, R.; Ghirlanda, G.; Grimm, S. J.; Guetta, Dafne; Harms, J.; Floc’h, E. Le; Longo, F.; Maggiore, Michele; Mereghetti, S.; Oganesyan, G.; Salvaterra, R.; Tanvir, N.; Turriziani, S.; Vergani, S. D.; Balman, Ş.; Caruana, Joseph; Erkut, M. H.; Guidorzi, G.; Frontera, F.; Martín-Carrillo, A.; Paltani, S.; Porquet, D.; Sergijenko, O.

doi:10.1007/s10686-021-09764-2

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Additionally, it should be noted that the while HE detectors that we use in the GWToolbox will not be operational during the ET era, we can still use them as reference instruments to extract useful information, some of which will apply to future instruments as well. With future HE detectors such as AMEGO (McEnery et al 2019), HERMES (Fiore et al 2020), TAP-GTM (Camp et al 2019) and THESEUS (Amati et al 2018(Amati et al , 2021Ciolfi et al 2021;Rosati et al 2021), we will be able to make joint observations at redshifts far beyond the current Fermi/GBM limit of ∼2.…”

Section: Joint Detection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox

Hendriks

Nelemans

2023

A&A

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Context. In the current multi-messenger astronomy era, it is important that information about joint gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) observations through short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) remains easily accessible to each member of the GW-EM community. The possibility for non-experts to execute quick computations of joint GW-sGRB detections should be facilitated. Aims. For this study, we constructed a model for sGRBs and added this to the framework of the previously built Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox (GWToolbox or Toolbox). We provide expected joint GW-sGRB detection rates for different combinations of GW detectors and high-energy (HE) instruments. Methods. We employed and adapted a generic GRB model to create a computationally low-cost top-hat jet model suitable for the GWToolbox. With the Toolbox, we simulated a population of binary neutron stars (BNSs) observed by a user-specified GW detector such as LIGO, Virgo, the Einstein Telescope (ET), or the Cosmic Explorer (CE). Based on the characteristics of each binary, our model predicts the properties of a resulting sGRB, as well as its detectability for HE detectors such as Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, or GECAM.Results. We report predicted joint detection rates for combinations of GW detectors (LIGO and ET) with HE instruments (Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, and GECAM). Our findings stress the significance of the impact that ET will have on multi-messenger astronomy. While the LIGO sensitivity is currently the limiting factor regarding the number of joint detections, ET will observe BNSs at such a rate that the vast majority of detected sGRBs will have a GW counterpart observed by ET. These conclusions hold for CE as well. Additionally, since LIGO can only detect BNSs up to a redshift of ∼0.1 where few sGRBs exist, a search for sub-threshold GW signals at higher redshifts using sGRB information from HE detectors has the potential to be very successful and significantly increase the number of joint detections. Equivalently, during the ET era, GW data can assist in finding sub-threshold sGRBs, potentially increasing, for example, the number of joint ET-Fermi/GBM observations by ∼270%. Lastly, we find that our top-hat jet model underestimates the number of joint detections that include an off-axis sGRB. We corrected for this by introducing a second, wider and weaker jet component. We predict that the majority of joint detections during the LIGO/Virgo era will include an off-axis sGRB, making GRB170817A not as unlikely as one would think based on the simplest top-hat jet model. In the ET era, most joint detections will contain an on-axis sGRB.

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Section: Joint Detection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox

Hendriks

Nelemans

2023

A&A

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“…Hence, it results extremely important to known how many events that will be detected by ET, will also be detected by forthcoming Gamma-Ray and X-Ray satellites. In the following, we will focus on the Transient High Energy Sources and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) satellite that could overlap with ET and provides the electromagnetic counterpart of the GWs events [82][83][84][85][86][87].…”

Section: The Mock Catalogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining $Λ$CDM cosmological parameters with Einstein Telescope mock data

Califano,

de Martino,

Vernieri

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We investigate the capability of Einstein Telescope to constrain the cosmological parameters of the non-flat ΛCDM cosmological model. Two types of mock datasets are considered depending on whether or not a short Gamma-Ray Burst is detected and associated with the gravitational wave event using the THESEUS satellite. Depending on the mock dataset, different statistical estimators are applied: one assumes that the redshift is known, and another one marginalizes over it assuming a specific prior distribution. We demonstrate that (i) using mock catalogs collecting gravitational wave events to which a short Gamma-Ray Burst has been associated, Einstein Telescope may achieve an accuracy on the cosmological parameters of σ H 0 ≈ 0.40 km s −1 Mpc −1 , σ Ω k,0 ≈ 0.09, and σ Ω Λ,0 ≈ 0.07; while (ii) using mock catalogs collecting also gravitational wave events without a detected electromagnetic counterpart, Einstein Telescope may achieve an accuracy on the cosmological parameters of σ H 0 ≈ 0.04 km s −1 Mpc −1 , σ Ω k,0 ≈ 0.01, and σ Ω Λ,0 ≈ 0.01. These results show an improvement of a factor 2-75 with respect to earlier results using complementary datasets.

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“…It is foreseen that such targets can be selected from proposals submitted by the general astronomical community in the framework of a Guest Observing program. Some examples of interesting science cases are given in Section 14.3, while we refer to the accompanying paper [8] for a more detailed discussion. This observing strategy will result in a non-uniform sky coverage (Fig.…”

Section: Pointing Strategy and Guest Observers Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some science objectives based on the use of the IRT, complemented by SXI and XGIS data, have been discussed in the previous sections. In addition, we mention here a few other examples and refer to [8] for more details.…”

Section: Observatory Science With Theseusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time domain astronomy with the THESEUS satellite

et al. 2021

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THESEUS is a medium size space mission of the European Space Agency, currently under evaluation for a possible launch in 2032. Its main objectives are to investigate the early Universe through the observation of gamma-ray bursts and to study the gravitational waves electromagnetic counterparts and neutrino events. On the other hand, its instruments, which include a wide field of view X-ray (0.3-5 keV) telescope based on lobster-eye focussing optics and a gamma-ray spectrometer with imaging capabilities in the 2-150 keV range, are also ideal for carrying out unprecedented studies in time domain astrophysics. In addition, the presence onboard of a 70 cm near infrared telescope will allow simultaneous multiwavelegth studies. Here we present the THESEUS capabilities for studying the time variability of different classes of sources in parallel to, and without affecting, the gamma-ray bursts hunt.

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Synergies of THESEUS with the large facilities of the 2030s and guest observer opportunities

Cited by 12 publications

References 75 publications

The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox

The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox

Constraining $Λ$CDM cosmological parameters with Einstein Telescope mock data

Time domain astronomy with the THESEUS satellite

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