Synergism among volatile organic compounds resulting in increased antibiosis in Oidium sp.

Strobel, Gary A.; Spang, Shanney; Kluck, Katreena; Hess, W. M.; Sears, Joe; Livinghouse, Tom

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01137.x

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results confirm the synergistic effect of volatile compounds in terms of their toxicity toward P. digitatum. Similar synergism among volatile organic compounds in increasing antimicrobial activity has also been observed [28,55]. The toxicity of 4,5-dimethyl-1-hexene alone to P. digitatum remains uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and Citrus Green Mold by Volatile Compounds Produced by Enterobacter cloacae

Chen¹,

Peng²

2016

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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Penicillium digitatum causes green mold decay on citrus fruit, resulting in severe economic losses to citrus growers and packers worldwide. The present study is to evaluate the control of citrus green mold by volatiles produced by Enterobacter cloacae. An E. cloacae strain isolated from plant rhizospheres was able to produce three volatile organic compounds, which were identified as butyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, and 4,5-dimethyl-1-hexene by GC/MS chromatography. The volatile compounds produced by E. cloacae inhibited conidial germination and hyphal elongation of P. digitatum and reduced green mold severity. E. cloacae cultured at temperatures ranging from 16°C to 28°C, at pH values ≤6, or in a substrate carrier (sphagnum moss, vermiculite, or perlite) provided superior control against P. digitatum. A laboratory formulation using E. cloacae and perlite protected citrus fruit from green mold up to 22 days and its effectiveness outperformed fungicide application at room temperature (~25°C). The results implicate practical application of E. cloacae as a biofumigant for controlling citrus postharvest decay caused by P. digitatum. Significantly, the study provides a model for future research on how to formulate an effective biocontrol agent for disease management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and Citrus Green Mold by Volatile Compounds Produced by Enterobacter cloacae

Chen¹,

Peng²

2016

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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“…A previously described bioactive endophytic fungus Muscodor albus produces isoamyl acetate, which has been shown to contribute to the activity of the fungus [7,16,19]. Thus, by supplementing the bioassay with isoamyl acetate, a higher inhibition level was achievable, due to the synergism seen between the ester and the VOCs of Gloeosporium sp.…”

Section: The Function Of Exogenous Organics As Synergistans and The Mmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…behave in a synergistic manner when supplemented with known compounds, such as small molecular weight acids and esters that had been previously shown to exhibit such activities [19]. For instance, in the case of Oidium sp., which makes a family of related esters possessing some volatile inhibitory activities, the addition of isobutyric acid as a supplement to the fungal culture enhanced its fungal inhibitory properties, causing a more extensive inhibition of the test organism than either the fungal or the acid could produce alone [19]. Such activity is deemed synergism and has been observed as a tactical method to inhibit pathogen growth [12,19,22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of an Endophytic Gloeosporium sp. and Its Novel Bioactivity with “Synergistans”

et al. 2014

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Gloeosporium sp. (OR-10) was isolated as an endophyte of Tsuga heterophylla (Western hemlock). Both ITS and 18S sequence analyses indicated that the organism best fits either Hypocrea spp. or Trichoderma spp., but neither of these organisms possess conidiophores associated with acervuli, in which case the endophytic isolate OR-10 does. Therefore, the preferred taxonomic assignment was primarily based on the morphological features of the organism as one belonging to the genus Gloeosporium sp. These taxonomic observations clearly point out that limited ITS and 18S sequence information can be misleading when solely used in making taxonomic assignments. The volatile phase of this endophyte was active against a number of plant pathogenic fungi including Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, Ceratocystis ulmi, Botrytis cinerea, and Verticillium dahliae. Among several terpenes and furans, the most abundantly produced compound in the volatile phase was 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, a compound possessing antimicrobial activities. When used in conjunction with microliter amounts of any in a series of esters or isobutyric acid, an enhanced inhibitory response occurred with each test fungus that was greater than that exhibited by Gloeosporium sp. or the compounds tested individually. Compounds behaving in this manner are hereby designated "synergistans." An expression of the "median synergistic effect," under prescribed conditions, has been termed the mSE50. This value describes the amount of a potential synergistan that is required to yield an additional median 50% inhibition of a target organism. In this report, the mSE50s are reported for a series of esters and isobutyric acid. The results indicated that isoamyl acetate, allyl acetate, and isobutyric acid generally possessed the lowest mSE50 values. The value and potential importance of these microbial synergistic effects to the microbial environment are also discussed.

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“…As atividades dos compostos voláteis produzidos por microrganismos decompositores também podem apresentar efeito bastante variado em diferentes espécies de fungos, inibindo ou estimulando o crescimento micelial de outros fungos (15). Microrganismos que produzam metabólitos voláteis podem ser utilizados em conjunto com outros métodos de controle (20). …”

Section: Tabela 1 Halo De Inibição Por Fungos Sapróbios Confrontadosunclassified

Potencial antagonista e controle in vitro de Alternaria solani por fungos sapróbios

et al. 2017

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Alternaria solani, agente etiológico da pinta preta, é considerado um fitopatógeno de grande impacto econômico na cultura do tomate, gerando grandes prejuízos aos agricultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial antagonista por confronto direto, produção de voláteis e atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de filtrado de fungos sapróbios contra A. ABSTRACTAlternaria solani, the etiological agent of early blight, is considered a phytopathogen of great economic impact on tomato crop, causing great losses to farmers. The aim of this study was to assess the antagonistic potential for direct confrontation, the production of volatile compounds and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of saprobic fungal filtrate against A. solani. Thus, the phytopathogen A. solani was confronted with the saprobic fungi Volutella minima, Memnoniella echinata, M. levispora, Curvularia eragrostidis, C. inaequalis, Gonytrichum chlamydosporium, G. macrocladum, Pseudobotrytis terrestris, Pithomyces chartarum, Lappodochium lageniforme, Dictyochaeta simplex, Stachybotrys nephrosfora and S. globosa, to observe inhibition zone formation and aggressiveness of the fungi according to a score scale. The phytopathogen growth was also evaluated at the concentration of 20% to select the saprobe filtrate with antimicrobial activity. Subsequently, the Solino, A.J.S.; Oliveira, J.B.S.; Schwan-Estrada, K.R.F.; Marianna Santos Rodrigues Alencar, Ribeiro, L.M. Antagonistic potential and in vitro control of Alternaria solani by saprobic fungi. Summa Phytopathologica, v.43, n.3, p.199-204, 2017. selected saprobe filtrates were studied at the concentrations of 5; 10; 15 and 20%, evaluating the mycelial growth of A. solani. The saprobes L. lageniforme and G. macrocladum showed greater mycelial growth, compared to A. solani, at seven days after transferring the phytopathogen. At 15 days, only L. lageniforme contained the pathogen. In the direct confrontation test, the fungi L. lageniforme and G. macrocladum occupied a larger area on the Petri dish, in contrast to the pathogen. The fungal filtrates G. macrocladum, C. inaequalis, P. terretris, S. globosa and C. eragrostidis, at a concentration of 20%, promoted a reduction in the mycelial growth of A. solani by 34, 21, 19, 10 and 10%, respectively. Analyzing the effect of the filtrate concentrations on the mycelial growth of A. solani, dose-dependence was observed in all treatments, with maximum growth inhibition for filtrates of G. macrocladum, C. inaequalis, P. terretris, S. globosa and C. eragrostidis, respectively, at the concentration of 20%.Keywords: biological control, antimicrobial activity, plant pathogen.Os cultivos agrícolas estão sujeitos a diversas doenças causadas por uma ampla gama de fitopatógenos (12). As alternarioses são doenças fúngicas causadas pelas espécies do gênero Alternaria que estão amplamente distribuídas no mundo, infectando principalmente hortaliças (22). A pinta preta, causada por Alternaria solani, é considerada uma doença de grande importância econômica nas culturas d...

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Synergism among volatile organic compounds resulting in increased antibiosis in Oidium sp.

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and Citrus Green Mold by Volatile Compounds Produced by Enterobacter cloacae

Inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and Citrus Green Mold by Volatile Compounds Produced by Enterobacter cloacae

Characterization of an Endophytic Gloeosporium sp. and Its Novel Bioactivity with “Synergistans”

Potencial antagonista e controle in vitro de Alternaria solani por fungos sapróbios

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