Synergism of trimethylphosphate and carbon dioxide in extinguishing premixed flames

Bolshova, T. A.; Шварцберг, В. М.; Шмаков, А. Г.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103406

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…When the internal pressure reaches a critical point, the vent valve of the square shell battery opens, while the soft-pack battery may experience cracks in areas of low surface pressure, leading to battery rupture [13,14]. The gas injection leads to the discharge of both solid and liquid from the battery, and the emitted gas is a primary combustion substance in a fire [15]. High temperature particles can also act as ignition sources during fires [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Runaway Characteristics and Gas Composition Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different LFP and NCM Cathode Materials under Inert Atmosphere

Shen

Wang

et al. 2023

Electronics

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During thermal runaway (TR), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) produce a large amount of gas, which can cause unimaginable disasters in electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage systems when the batteries fail and subsequently combust or explode. Therefore, to systematically analyze the post-thermal runaway characteristics of commonly used LIBs with LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) cathode materials and to maximize the in situ gas generation during battery thermal runaway, we designed experiments using an adiabatic explosion chamber (AEC) under an inert atmosphere to test LIBs. Additionally, we conducted in situ analysis of the gas components produced during thermal runaway. Our research findings indicate that after thermal runaway, NCM batteries produce more gas than LFP batteries. Based on battery gas production, the degree of harm caused by TR can be ranked as follows: NCM9 0.5 0.5 > NCM811 > NCM622 > NCM523 > LFP. The primary gas components during thermal runaway for both NCM and LFP batteries include H2,CO,CO2,C2H4, and CH4. The gas produced by LFP batteries contains a high proportion of H2. The high concentration of H2 results in a lower flammability limit (LFL) for the gas generated by LFP batteries during TR compared to the mixed gas produced by NCM batteries. Therefore, in terms of battery TR gas composition, the order of hazard level is LFP > NCM811 > NCM622 > NCM523 > NCM9 0.5 0.5 0.5. Although experimental results show that LFP batteries have superior thermal stability and lower gas production during large-scale battery thermal runaway events, considering gas generation composition and thermal runaway products, the thermal runaway risk of LFP batteries may be higher than that of NCM batteries. Although LFP batteries are considered very safe, our research results have once again drawn researchers’ attention to LFP batteries. These gases can also serve as detection signals for battery thermal runaway warnings, providing a cautionary note for the future development of electrochemical energy storage and the renewable energy sector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Runaway Characteristics and Gas Composition Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different LFP and NCM Cathode Materials under Inert Atmosphere

Shen

Wang

et al. 2023

Electronics

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“…Chemistry is instrumental in developing appropriate fire retardants. − The Montreal protocol and consequential decrease of using halocarbon fire suppressants triggered a search for potent replacement compounds . Fire retardants should be developed toward environmental friendliness, sustainability, and recyclability; in addition, awareness has increased regarding persistency, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. , Phosphorus-containing compounds were identified as one family of effective flame inhibitors. − They offer large chemical versatility and can be active both in the gas and condensed phases during a fire . Different organophosphorus compounds are being applied e.g., as fire-retarding additives in polymers .…”

Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…729 Further recent studies were directed at improving the kinetics of fire retardation, starting at the level of rather simple compounds such as trimethyl phosphate (TMP), which was also investigated in combination with CO 2 as an inert diluent. 730 Individual rate coefficients for key interactions of the phosphorus-containing compounds with reactive radicals are being investigated in detail, such as that of TMP destruction with OH, since�as noted by Koshlyakov et al (2021)� surprisingly few experimental and theoretical studies exist on the elementary reactions of free radicals even with the most common organophosphorus compounds. 731 They mentioned that only one indirect measurement at a single (ambient) temperature was reported for the reaction of TMP with the OH radical as the most reactive chain carrier in flames.…”

Section: Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Kohse‐Höinghaus

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Combustion is a reactive oxidation process that releases energy bound in chemical compounds used as fuels�energy that is needed for power generation, transportation, heating, and industrial purposes. Because of greenhouse gas and local pollutant emissions associated with fossil fuels, combustion science and applications are challenged to abandon conventional pathways and to adapt toward the demand of future carbon neutrality. For the design of efficient, low-emission processes, understanding the details of the relevant chemical transformations is essential. Comprehensive knowledge gained from decades of fossil-fuel combustion research includes general principles for establishing and validating reaction mechanisms and process models, relying on both theory and experiments with a suite of analytic monitoring and sensing techniques. Such knowledge can be advantageously applied and extended to configure, analyze, and control new systems using different, nonfossil, potentially zero-carbon fuels. Understanding the impact of combustion and its links with chemistry needs some background. The introduction therefore combines information on exemplary cultural and technological achievements using combustion and on nature and effects of combustion emissions. Subsequently, the methodology of combustion chemistry research is described. A major part is devoted to fuels, followed by a discussion of selected combustion applications, illustrating the chemical information needed for the future.

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Investigating the Thermal Runaway Behavior and Early Warning Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Simulation

Wang,

Mi,

Zhao

et al. 2024

J. Electron. Mater.

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Synergism of trimethylphosphate and carbon dioxide in extinguishing premixed flames

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Thermal Runaway Characteristics and Gas Composition Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different LFP and NCM Cathode Materials under Inert Atmosphere

Thermal Runaway Characteristics and Gas Composition Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different LFP and NCM Cathode Materials under Inert Atmosphere

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Investigating the Thermal Runaway Behavior and Early Warning Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Simulation

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