“…In light of its potential advantages, particularly its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, facile synthesis, and high energy density, the lithium-free cathode stands out as a promising contender, particularly when compared with lithium-containing cathodes. 1,2 Pairing lithium-free transition metal-based cathodes with lithium metal anodes is emerging as a strategy to overcome the energy density limitations associated with existing rechargeable lithium-ion technology. Among a spectrum of cathode materials, manganese-based Na x TMO 2 layered oxide emerges as a focal point, offering benefits including cost-effectiveness, safety, and robust initial capacity (x r 1, TM = Mn, Ni, etc.).…”