Synergistic Antibacterial Proficiency of Green Bioformulated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Potential Fosfomycin Synergism against Nosocomial Bacterial Pathogens

Abstract

The drug resistance of bacterial pathogens causes considerable morbidity and death globally, hence there is a crucial necessity for the development of effective antibacterial medicines to address the antibacterial resistance issue. The bioprepared zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared utilizing the flower extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and then characterized using different physicochemical techniques. The antibacterial effectiveness of the bioprepared ZnO-NPs and their synergism with fosfomycin were evaluated using disk diffusion assay against the concerned pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of the bioprepared ZnO-NPs showed that their average particle size was 18.93 ± 2.65 nm. Escherichia coli expressed the highest sensitivity to the bioinspired ZnO-NPs with a suppressive zone of 22.54 ± 1.26 nm at a concentration of 50 µg/disk, whereas the maximum synergistic effect of the bioinspired ZnO-NPs with fosfomycin was noticed against Klebsiella pneumoniae strain with synergism ratio of 100.29%. In conclusion, the bioinspired ZnO-NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial and synergistic efficacy with fosfomycin against the concerned nosocomial bacterial pathogens, highlighting the potential of using the ZnO NPs-fosfomycin combination for effective control of nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) and health care settings. Furthermore, the biogenic ZnO-NPs’ potential antibacterial action against food pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli indicates their potential usage in food packaging applications.

Biosorption of Escherichia coli Using ZnO-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanocomposite Hydrogel Formed by the Green Synthesis Route

“…Portulaca oleracea leaf extract-mediated ZnO NPs were reported by Gherbi et al [29] to display an indirect bandgap of 2.15-2.74 eV and direct bandgap of 2.97-3.91 eV. Similarly, other literature studies reported a bandgap of 3.21 eV from Hagenia abyssinica leaf extracts [31], 3.8 eV from Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract [32], and 3.3 eV from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius aqueous leaf extracts [33]. Such differences of bandgap variations could emanate from several factors, ranging from the material particle size and surface roughness to the effect of lattice strain among the ZnO NPs formed from different plant extracts [34].…”

“…The hydrodynamic size of TM@ZnO/TMC NC (Figure 1f) determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) shows the particle diameter with an average size of 57.75 ± 19.18 nm for the aqueous preparation, which is a bit larger compared to the size distribution obtained from FESEM (Figure 1e). The increase was largely due to the deposition of hydrate layers on ZnO-NPs polymer surface [32].…”

Large-scale production of myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite using endophytic Colonstachys rosea with its antimicrobial efficacy against human pathogens

“…These ions build up inside the microbial cells, where they may potentially have a more deadly effect by generating free radicals and oxidative stress 24 . According to published studies, the synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and the organic compounds in cell walls is the primary cause of nanocomposite increased antimicrobial efficiency 60 , 87 , 88 . Any nanoparticle's antimicrobial activity targets cell division and the respiratory chain, which ultimately results in cell death and strengthens the antimicrobial effect 88 .…”

“…According to published studies, the synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and the organic compounds in cell walls is the primary cause of nanocomposite increased antimicrobial efficiency 60 , 87 , 88 . Any nanoparticle's antimicrobial activity targets cell division and the respiratory chain, which ultimately results in cell death and strengthens the antimicrobial effect 88 . A microbial cell's walls and membrane serve the important function of protecting the microbe from medicinal products, such as nanomaterials.…”

Green Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles of Potential Synergistic Activity with Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents against Some Nosocomial Pathogens

“…The green synthesis of AgNPs via biological methods offers numerous benefits over physical and chemical synthesis since these methods use hazardous materials, have high equipment costs, and generate toxic compounds, while biological synthesis is simple, inexpensive, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly [26]. Due to the availability of several plants and their straightforward and secure application, plant-mediated synthesis of Ag-NPs is an extensively used approach for the biofabrication of AgNPs [27,28].…”