Synergistic Antioxidant Effects of Araloside A and L‐Ascorbic Acid on H₂O₂‐Induced HEK293 Cells: Regulation of Cellular Antioxidant Status

Abstract

Araloside A is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, and L-ascorbic acid is a globally recognized antioxidant. In this study, coadministered araloside A and L-ascorbic acid were found to have a strong synergistic antioxidant effect, and correlations between cellular antioxidant indexes and free radical scavenging ability were found. Individual and combined pretreatment with araloside A and L-ascorbic acid increased both cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibited the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, and H2O2; and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyls, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG). Free radical scavenging ability was positively correlated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, the glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Our study is the first investigation of araloside A and L-ascorbic acid coadministration for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress. The synergistic antioxidant effects of araloside A and L-ascorbic acid support their potential as functional food ingredients for the elimination of oxidative stress-induced adverse reactions.

Antioxidant Interactions between S-allyl-L-cysteine and Polyphenols Using Interaction Index and Isobolographic Analysis

“…Moreover, according to the interaction index (γ), caffeic acid, and SAC at the four mix ratios all showed synergistic effects (γ < 1) and the order of synergistic effects were as follows (p < 0.05): 1:20 > 1:25 > 1:10. To further illustrate the synergistic effect between caffeic acid and SAC, the synergistic rate of caffeic acid and SAC was calculated according to the equation of synergistic rate/% = (EC 50add − EC 50mix )/EC 50add [32]. In this part, the synergistic rate of caffeic acid and SAC was consistent with the result of the interaction index.…”

Pyridoxine Synergistically Potentiates Mast Cell-Stabilizing Property of Ascorbic Acid

“…1 to 4). Generally, in the mixture of food constituents or natural products, including vitamins, herbs, teas and plant extracts, their antioxidant activities are known to be intensified by their synergic interactions [40,41]. This may be the underlying mechanism of our additional finding that lower concentrations of pyridoxine synergistically potentiated the mast cell-stabilizing property of ascorbic acid (Fig.…”

The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used

“…Antioxidant activity of vitamin C has been confirmed in different reports ( Table 4 ). In one study, pre-treatment of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells with ascorbic acid caused the decrease in levels of ROS production, MDA, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG), accumulated in HEK293 cells due to exposure to H 2 O 2 [ 193 ]. In another study, pre-treatment of human lens epithelial cells (LEC) with vitamin C caused the reduction in ROS activity, increased in H 2 O 2 -exposed LEC cells [ 194 ].…”

“…The product formed as a result of TMB conversion can be quantified spectrophotometrically at λ = 450 nm [ 268 ]. Such a technique was used to monitor oxidative stress in HEK293 cells exposed to H 2 O 2 and ascorbic acid [ 193 ].…”

“… 1 —if compared to control without OS inducer used; 2 —if compared to profile with OS inducer used; Measurement methods of ROS/oxidative stress markers: ROS: DCFA-DA, ESR [ 197 ]; MDA:TBA, GC-MS [ 197 ]; 4-HNE: GC-MS [ 197 ]; Isoprostanes: LC-MS [ 197 ]; Protein carbonyls: DNPH; 8-OHdG: ELISA [ 193 ], LC-MS [ 197 ]; H 2 O 2 : Chemiluminescence. …”