Synergistic associations of depression and apolipoprotein E genotype with incidence of dementia

Abstract

Objectives: A cohort study of Japanese-American men suggested interactive effects of depression and apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele on risk of incident dementia. In another sample of East Asian origin, we sought to replicate the findings and to explore individual depressive symptoms where this interaction was most evident. Methods: Of 625 Korean community elders without dementia at baseline, 518 (83%) were followed over a 2.4-year period and were clinically assessed for incident dementia. Depression was identified by the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS), and nine individual depressive symptoms relevant to DSM-IV major depressive episode criteria were extracted. APOE genotype was ascertained. Covariates included age, gender, education, and disability. Results: There were synergistic interactions between depression and APOE e4 on incident dementia independent of covariates. This interaction was particularly strong for four depressive symptoms: depressed mood, worthlessness, concentration difficulty, and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: We were able to replicate the previous study, finding that, at least in East Asian origin populations, the APOE e4 allele is a stronger predictor of incident dementia in the presence of depressive syndrome, and particular depressive symptoms.

Imbalanced hippocampal functional networks associated with remitted geriatric depression and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in nondemented elderly: A preliminary study

“…Recently, the synergistic effect of APOE ε4 allele and depressive symptoms on persistent cognitive deterioration was widely demonstrated in studies, including two with an East Asian sample (Kim et al, 2011; Niti et al, 2009). Structural studies further found hippocampal abnormalities in depressive patients with APOE ε4 allele that may contribute to AD conversion (Kim et al, 2002; Qiu et al, 2009).…”

High apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency in FXTAS patients

“…[17][18][19] On the basis of this observation, we have evaluated the ApoE genotypes and allelic distribution among a FMR1 premutation carrier cohort presenting with FXTAS. These data might contribute to uncover a new genetic risk factor for FXTAS and might be useful to identify new genes involved in the disease onset and progression.…”

“…[14][15][16] Although the pathogenic mechanism involving ApoE in these diseases is still unclear, it has been demonstrated that the ApoE ε4 allele is a well-established genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, and other disorders in which dementia is present. [17][18][19] On the basis of this observation, we have evaluated the ApoE genotypes and allelic distribution among a FMR1 premutation carrier cohort presenting with FXTAS. These data might contribute to uncover a new genetic risk factor for FXTAS and might be useful to identify new genes involved in the disease onset and progression.…”

The role of lifestyle factors in primary prevention of dementia

“…50 A recent study demonstrated the presence of low CSF levels of cystatin C in patients with AD in comparison with healthy controls. 58 Although serum levels of cystatin C are presumably more related to renal dysfunction and CSF levels of cystatin C more to AD pathology, it is difficult to establish a one-to-one relationship due to intercorrelations.…”

“…33,36,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] Two studies found no association (89% consistency). 61,62 Experts ranked diabetes as the second most important risk factor in both Delphi rounds.…”