Synergistic coupling of in-line single-drop microextraction and on-line large-volume sample stacking for capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry

Recent Applications of Dynamic On-Line Sample Preconcentration Techniques in Capillary Electrophoresis

“…After SDME, the extracted analytes were injected into the whole capillary, and then the preconcentration by LVSEP and the separation by CZE was carried out. According to cooperative enrichment effect by SDME and LVSEP, 600-1300-fold sensitivity enhancements were obtained for pesticide and herbicide compounds [51].…”

Recent (2018–2020) development in capillary electrophoresis

“…Extraction coupled with electrophoretic stacking can be used in non-aqueous CE as well, which is particularly advantageous in CE-MS because of the high volatility and low conductivity of the background electrolytes. For instance, SDME was combined with LVSS by Kim et al for analysis of organic contaminants in soil sample [28]. After on-line SDME, the large volume of the pentanol extract was enriched by LVSS and further analyzed by non-aqueous CE/MS.…”

Practical sample pretreatment techniques coupled with capillary electrophoresis for real samples in complex matrices

“…Choi et al overcame this limitation by combining 2-phase SDME with a large pentanol acceptor drop and an on-line sample preconcentration technique, i.e., large volume sample stacking using an electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump (LVSEP), achieving overall EFs of 2000 for pentachlorophenol and benzoic acids [20]. Recently, without filtration or centrifugation, a soil sample prepared in 0.1 M HCl and containing debris was cleaned up and enriched by 2-phase SDME using a pentanol acceptor drop, further enriched by LVSEP after injection, and subsequently analyzed by CE-MS [21]. In 3-phase DI-SDME, analytes are extracted from an aqueous donor phase into an aqueous acceptor drop through a thin organic layer covering the acceptor drop.…”