Synergistic Degradation of Mucin by Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus sanguis in Mixed Chemostat Cultures

Hoeven, J.S. van der; Camp, Pamela J.

doi:10.1177/00220345910700070401

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This change was seen for strains of S. sanguis but not S. oralis (Nieuw Amerongen et al, 1992). Another study has reported that those two species may collaborate in breaking down mucin oligosaccharides (Van der Hoeven and Camp, 1991). This illustrates the combined importance of both protein and bacterial polymorphism.…”

Section: (C) Protein Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It seems mainly to be involved in tissue coating (Tabak, 1995), but the protein backbone recently has been observed to bind Hemophilus paminfluenzae (Veerman et al, 1995). Mucin oligosaccharide side-chains likewise may provide a nutritional substrate for common streptococcal species (Van der Hoeven and Camp, 1991). MG2 has a molecular weight of 125,000, and its side-chains may participate in both the aggregation and adherence of oral streptococci (Tabak, 1995).…”

Section: (Ii) Salivary Proteins-microbial Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Rudney

1995

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

114

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Salivary protein interactions with oral microbes in vitro include aggregation, adherence, cell-killing, inhibition of metabolism, and nutrition. Such interactions might be expected to influence oral ecology. However, inconsistent results have been obtained from in vivo tests of the hypothesis that quantitative variation in salivary protein concentrations will affect oral disease prevalence. Results may have been influenced by choices made during study design, including saliva source, stimulation status, control for flow rate, and assay methods. Salivary protein concentrations also may be subject to circadian variation. Values for saliva collected at the same time of day tend to remain consistent within subjects, but events such as stress, inflammation, infection, menstruation, or pregnancy may induce short-term changes. Long-term factors such as aging, systemic disease, or medication likewise may influence salivary protein concentrations. Such sources of variation may increase the sample size needed to find statistically significant differences. Clinical studies also must consider factors such as human population variation, strain and species differences in protein-microbe interactions, protein polymorphism, and synergistic or antagonistic interaction between proteins. Salivary proteins may form heterotypic complexes with unique effects, and different proteins may exert redundant effects. Patterns of protein-microbe interaction also may differ between oral sites. Future clinical studies must take those factors into account. Promising approaches might involve meta-analysis or multi-center studies, retrospective and prospective longitudinal designs, short-term measurement of salivary protein effects, and consideration of individual variation in multiple protein effects such as aggregation, adherence, and cell-killing.

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Section: (C) Protein Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: (Ii) Salivary Proteins-microbial Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Rudney

1995

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The idea that different bacterial species possess individual enzymatic activities that act in succession was explore in experiments using hog gastric mucin as the sole source of carbohydrate for growth and synergistic degradation of mucin was observed by van der Hoeven and Camp [9]. These investigators reported that Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis) Ny 584 reached significantly higher cell densities in mixed chemostat cultures with Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) Ny 586 than in pure culture [9], supporting the hypothesis that complementary enzymatic activities from each species coordinate their actions to increase the efficient use of this mucin.…”

Section: Cellular Growth On Saliva As Sole Nutritional Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Multispecies communities: interspecies interactions influence growth on saliva as sole nutritional source

2011

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Human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque. This review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other species to grow on saliva as the sole source of nutrient. Community formation in biofilms in flow cells is monitored using species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin G, and images are captured by confocal microscopy. Early colonizing veillonellae emerge from this review of interspecies interactions in saliva as a critical genus that guides the development of multispecies communities. Highly selective interspecies recognition is evident as initial colonizers pair with early and middle colonizers to form multispecies communities that grow on saliva.

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“…Compared to many ecosystems, the nutrient supply available to bacteria in the oral cavity is more abundant and localized at times when the host consumes food (feast), although the period of time over which this occurs is much shorter than when no added nutrients are consumed (famine) (Carlsson & Johansson, 1973;De Jong & Van der Hoeven, 1987;Van der Hoeven & Camp, 1991). In other micro-environments of the oral cavity, such as root canals of teeth, nutrients are commonly scarce and the colonizing micro-organisms frequently need to survive under nutrient deprivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral bacteria in biofilms exhibit slow reactivation from nutrient deprivation

2008

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The ability of oral bacteria to enter a non-growing state is believed to be an important mechanism for survival in the starved micro-environments of the oral cavity. In this study, we examined the reactivation of nutrient-deprived cells of two oral bacteria in biofilms, Streptococcus anginosus and Lactobacillus salivarius. Non-growing cells were generated by incubation in 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer for 24 h and the results were compared to those of planktonic cultures. When both types of cells were shifted from a rich, peptone-yeast extract-glucose (PYG) medium to buffer for 24 h, dehydrogenase and esterase activity measured by the fluorescent dyes 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl-tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA), respectively, was absent in both species. However, the membranes of the vast majority of nutrient-deprived cells remained intact as assessed by LIVE/DEAD staining. Metabolic reactivation of the nutrient-deprived biofilm cells was not observed for at least 48 h following addition of fresh PYG medium, whereas the nongrowing planktonic cultures of the same two strains were in rapid growth in less than 2 h. At 72 h, the S. anginosus biofilm cells had recovered 78 % of the dehydrogenase activity and 61 % of the esterase activity and the biomass mm "2 had increased by 30-35 %. With L. salivarius at 72 h, the biofilms had recovered 56 % and 75 % of dehydrogenase and esterase activity, respectively. Reactivation of both species in biofilms was enhanced by removal of glucose from PYG, and S. anginosus cells were particularly responsive to yeast extract (YE) medium. The data suggest that the low reactivity of non-growing biofilm cells to the introduction of fresh nutrients may be a survival strategy employed by micro-organisms in the oral cavity.

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Synergistic Degradation of Mucin by Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus sanguis in Mixed Chemostat Cultures

Cited by 61 publications

References 25 publications

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Multispecies communities: interspecies interactions influence growth on saliva as sole nutritional source

Oral bacteria in biofilms exhibit slow reactivation from nutrient deprivation

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