Synergistic effect between piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate in flame retarded glass fiber reinforced polypropylene

Yuan, Zha; Wen, Hui; Liu, Yuan; Wang, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109477

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Unfortunately, it was reported that PAPP usually showed limited flame retardant efficiency when used alone . In order to get better fire performance, some intumescent systems have been developed using synergists, such as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, aluminum diethylphosphinate, and melamine polyphosphate . Zinc borate is a versatile flame retardant due to the major advantages, such as smoke suppressant, afterglow suppressant, and synergistic agent properties. − Previous studies have shown that the combination of zinc borate and intumescent systems (e.g., ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/melamine system) in several kinds of polymers improved the char quality and promote the char formation, leading to the enhancement of fire retardancy. ,, Those characteristics enable zinc borate to be employed as a potential synergist in the intumescent PBS system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Xiao

Fontaine

Bourbigot

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Developing flame-retarded polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a challenging task owing to its high flammability, noncharring, and melt-dripping during burning. In this work, based on the synergistic combination between piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and zinc borate (ZnB), a promising intumescent PBS system was developed as an efficient strategy to impart PBS with improved flame retardancy and antidripping properties. The results showed that PBS/PAPP15%/ZnB5% passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test (3 mm), while only a V-2 rating was achieved for PBS/PAPP20%. Compared to PBS/PAPP20%, the combination of PAPP and zinc borate (ratio of 15:5) led to significant reductions in the peak heat release rate (pHRR, −55%), fire growth rate index (FIGRA, −40%), and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE, −47%) evaluated by mass loss cone calorimetry. Meanwhile, the flame retardancy index of PBS/PAPP15%/ZnB5% reached up to 5.18 and the flameout time significantly increased to 1049 s. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were employed to gain insight into the reaction-to-fire mechanism in the condensed phase. The results confirmed the fact that the formation of a crackfree protective intumescent char layer, reinforced by thermally stable inorganic species (boron−zinc phosphates), effectively restricted the heat and fuel transfer between condensed and gas phases, hence resulting in the excellent enhancement in flame retardancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Xiao

Fontaine

Bourbigot

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Compared with EP, the intensity of hydrocarbon and C O Ph in EP/PPOP-3 and EP/DPOA-3 were weakened, indicating that the EP modified by PPOP and DPOA formed a dense carbon layer, which strengthened the thermal stability of the material at higher temperatures than EP. 51 For EP/DPOA-3, the intensity of hydrocarbon was higher than EP/PPOP-3, which was caused by the larger amount of hydrocarbon structure that existed in DPOA released during the pyrolysis process. On the one hand, the ability of DPOA to suppress the intensity of C O Ph released was superior compared to PPOP.…”

Section: Flame-retardant Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 91%

A facile method for synthesis of novel phenyl phosphates flame retardants and their application in epoxy resin

Guo

Rong

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Piperazinyl phenyl phosphate (PPOP) and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethyl phenyl phosphate (DPOA) containing phosphorus and nitrogen elements as flame retardants applied for epoxy resin (EP) were successfully synthesized, and substantiated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 1 H and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis (EA). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the EP composites with 3 wt% of PPOP and DPOA attained 33.6% and 34.2%, both acquired the UL-94 V-0 rating, respectively. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the total smoke production (TSP) of EP/PPOP-1 decreased by 21.0%, 25.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. For EP/DPOA-1, the pHRR, THR, and TSP were brought down by 23.5%, 21.8%, and 26.4%, respectively. Flame-retardant mechanisms were explicitly evaluated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis-infrared spectrometry (TG-IR). This proposed method not only could produce efficient flame retardant for EP but provide new ideas for replacing existing halogenated flame retardants.

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“…30,31 Piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) is a halogen-free flame retardant, which can be prepared by green method. 32 Since PAPP contains phosphorus and nitrogen in its molecular structure, its thermal decomposition products can enter the gas phase and condensed phase simultaneously and prevent the burning of material. The excellent char-forming performance and the good thermal stability during polymer processing make PAPP the ideal flame retardant for polypropylene, nylon 6, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy of biodegradable polylactic acid with piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate as flame retardant

Chen

Xia²,

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Fire Sciences

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A flame-retardant polylactic acid composite added with piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate was developed. Piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate showed synergistic effect in the polylactic acid composites. When the weight ratio of piperazine pyrophosphate to melamine cyanurate was 4:1 and the loading of the piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate flame retardant was 15 wt.%, the prepared polylactic acid composites passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 test and achieved the high limit oxygen index value of 34.9%. The cone calorimeter test result confirmed that the addition of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate flame retardant reduced the total heat release value of polylactic acid. The effect of polylactic acid biodegradation on the flame retardancy of polylactic acid composite was further discussed. The biodegraded polylactic acid, which was exposed to the air for 8 months, showed high flame retardancy and even passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 test without the addition of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate flame retardant, which proved that biodegradation could affect the flame retardancy of polylactic acid.

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Synergistic effect between piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate in flame retarded glass fiber reinforced polypropylene

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

Improvement of Flame Retardancy and Antidripping Properties of Intumescent Polybutylene Succinate Combining Piperazine Pyrophosphate and Zinc Borate

A facile method for synthesis of novel phenyl phosphates flame retardants and their application in epoxy resin

Flame retardancy of biodegradable polylactic acid with piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate as flame retardant

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