Synergistic effect of adding lignin and carbon black in poly(lactic acid)

Silva, Thaís Ferreira da; Menezes, Fernanda; Montagna, Larissa Stieven; Lemes, Ana Paula; Passador, Fábio Roberto

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.06819

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Through Figures 9 and 10, it is verified that PLA presents a decomposition stage, starting at 270°C, and ending at T D99.9% , around 372°C, with a T D10% around 321°C, as shown in Table 5, characteristic of PLA degradation process, as already reported in the literature 55 . The two EVAs added, however, presented two thermal decomposition events.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Through Figures 9 and 10, it is verified that PLA presents a decomposition stage, starting at 270 C, and ending at T D99.9% , around 372 C, with a T D10% around 321 C, as shown in Table 5, characteristic of PLA degradation process, as already reported in the literature. 55 The two EVAs added, however, presented two thermal decomposition events. The first event between 306 and 375 C, related to the degradation of vinyl acetate, with the formation of acetic acid, and the second stage starting around 435 C until the final material decomposition, referring to the degradation of the olefinic part of EVA (C C and C H bonds).…”

Section: Thermogravimetry (Tg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring the performance of poly(lactic acid)‐based reactive blends: The effect of vinyl acetate and dicumyl peroxide content

Ferreira

Nascimento

Luna

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(lactic acid) has been gaining prominence in academia and industry, mainly due to being a biopolymer and biodegradable material. Nevertheless, mainly due to its high fragility, work has been carried out in order to seek alternatives to improve this drawback. Hence, this work aims to evaluate the effect of the vinyl acetate content using two types of EVA (EVA1 with 28% and EVA2 with 19%) in dynamically vulcanized PLA/EVA blends, using several dicumyl peroxide (DCP) contents, that is, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 phr. Blends were produced using an internal mixer, and the tensile, impact and HDT specimens were injection molded. By FTIR and torque rheometry, it was verified that, upon DCP addition, there was evidences of reticulation, resulting in crosslinked PLA, crosslinked EVA, as well as PLA‐g‐EVA. Through tensile and impact strength tests, it was observed substantial increases in the elongation at break, and in impact strength, mainly for the compounds with higher content of vinyl acetate (EVA1). Impact specimens made with PLA/EVA120 0.7 DCP, PLA/EVA130 0.5 DCP, and 0.7 DCP, did not completely break, due to the probable development of the in situ PLA‐g‐EVA compatibilizer among the present phases. Therefore, it is believed that a more homogeneous microstructure was obtained, as observed by SEM images, highlighted upon the DCP content increase. It was verified that the highest vinyl acetate content is of paramount importance for obtaining PLA/EVA blends with better compatibility as well as EVA1 being more susceptible to crosslinking using DCP, resulting in blends with greater toughness.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Thermogravimetry (Tg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the performance of poly(lactic acid)‐based reactive blends: The effect of vinyl acetate and dicumyl peroxide content

Ferreira

Nascimento

Luna

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…By changing the shielding regime from reflection to absorption, the amount of electromagnetic noise in the environment can be decreased. Furthermore, fillers can have synergistic effects on the overall properties of the composite due to interactions not only between the filler and matrix but also between different fillers [ 6 ]. Bindu Sharmila et al reported that the creation of epoxy hybrid reduced graphene oxide/iron oxide composites, where the maximum AC conductivity of 10 −4 S/m was attained at a frequency of 30 MHz with a filler loading of 5 phr, while the DC conductivity increased up to 10 −6 S/m, which represented a two- and six-order increase over the neat epoxy, respectively [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(Butylene Succinate) Hybrid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Iron Oxide Nanocomposites: Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Properties

et al. 2023

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To address the ever-increasing electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution, a hybrid filler approach for novel composites was chosen, with a focus on EMI absorbance. Carbon nanofiller loading was limited to 0.6 vol.% in order to create a sustainable and affordable solution. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were mixed in nine ratios from 0.1 to 0.6 vol.% and 8.0 to 12.0 vol.%, respectively. With the addition of surfactant, excellent particle dispersion was achieved (examined with SEM micrographs) in a bio-based and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix. Hybrid design synergy was assessed for EMI shielding using dielectric spectroscopy in the microwave region and transmittance in the terahertz range. The shielding effectiveness (20–52 dB) was dominated by very high absorption at 30 GHz, while in the 0.1 to 1.0 THz range, transmittance was reduced by up to 6 orders of magnitude. Frequency-independent AC electrical conductivity (from 10−2 to 107 Hz) was reached upon adding 0.6 vol.% MWCNT and 10 vol.% Fe3O4, with a value of around 3.1 × 10−2 S/m. Electrical and thermal conductivity were mainly affected by the content of MWCNT filler. The thermal conductivity scaled with the filler content and reached the highest value of 0.309 W/(mK) at 25 °C with the loading of 0.6 vol.% MWCNT and 12 vol.% Fe3O4. The surface resistivity showed an incremental decrease with an increase in MWCNT loading and was almost unaffected by an increase in iron oxide loading. Thermal conductivity was almost independent of temperature in the measured range of 25 to 45 °C. The nanocomposites serve as biodegradable alternatives to commodity plastic-based materials and are promising in the field of electromagnetic applications, especially for EMI shielding.

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“…However, the PLA/PHBV blend does not have the electrical properties for application as antistatic packaging. Thus, the preparation of extrinsically conductive composites is a viable option for obtaining eco‐friendly antistatic packaging with low‐electrical resistivity capable of protecting devices against ESD 6–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the preparation of extrinsically conductive composites is a viable option for obtaining eco-friendly antistatic packaging with low-electrical resistivity capable of protecting devices against ESD. [6][7][8][9][10] For the preparation of extrinsically conductive PLA/PHBV composites, it is necessary to add antistatic agents that can form a conductive network within the polymeric matrix. In this work, carbon materials were used as antistatic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of antistatic and biodegradable packaging of PLA/PHBV blend‐based glassy carbon and graphene nanoplatelets composites

Oyama,

dos Anjos,

de Melo Morgado

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Glassy carbon (GC) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were used as fillers for the preparation of antistatic and biodegradable composites based on poly (lactic acid)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) blend. In this work, PLA/PHBV (80/20) blends with the addition of different GC contents (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) were prepared by melt mixing using a twin‐screw extruder, and specimens were injection molded. Furthermore, hybrid composites were prepared with the addition of 5 wt% of GNP and different GC contents (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) using the same processing. The effect of the addition of GC and GNP on the mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties and its effect on the biodegradability of the PLA/PHVB blend was evaluated. The simultaneous addition of GC (0.3 and 0.5 wt%) and GNP (5 wt%) significantly increases the elastic modulus and decreases the electrical resistivity, becoming suitable for electrostatic discharge protection packaging applications. The hybrid composite GC0.5/GNP5 reached a maximum value of total attenuation (4.5 dB), which corresponds to 60% EMI shielding. The degree of crystallinity affects biodegradability more than the type or presence of carbon material. After 110 days of anaerobic biodegradation, the hybrid composite exhibited 10% biodegradability due to the high degree of crystallinity that hinders the biodegradability process. The hybrid composites with the addition of GC and GNP are very promising for use in antistatic packaging.

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Synergistic effect of adding lignin and carbon black in poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Tailoring the performance of poly(lactic acid)‐based reactive blends: The effect of vinyl acetate and dicumyl peroxide content

Tailoring the performance of poly(lactic acid)‐based reactive blends: The effect of vinyl acetate and dicumyl peroxide content

Poly(Butylene Succinate) Hybrid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Iron Oxide Nanocomposites: Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Properties

Preparation of antistatic and biodegradable packaging of PLA/PHBV blend‐based glassy carbon and graphene nanoplatelets composites

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