Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

Soni, Priyanka; Sinha, Shishir

doi:10.1002/pc.26924

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Existing works with natural fibers are relatively different and commonly use a fossil‐based matrix. Examples include fossil‐based epoxy composites with woven fiber mats, 28 delignified wood pulp fibers, 29 or alkali and silane‐treated hemp fibers 30 . These fibers often involve special processing and are not sourced as waste.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include fossil-based epoxy composites with woven fiber mats, 28 delignified wood pulp fibers, 29 or alkali and silane-treated hemp fibers. 30 These fibers often involve special processing and are not sourced as waste. As a result of the excellent fiber parameters, they can achieve a Young's modulus in the range of 2-6 GPa and a tensile strength of around 30-100 MPa.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully bio‐based thermoset composites from UV curable prepregs: Vegetable oil acrylate impregnated hemp nanopaper

et al. 2023

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Modern thermoset composite matrices are primarily prepared from petroleum‐based plastics, while reinforcements commonly consist of non‐renewable and energy‐demanding glass and carbon fibers. Herein, a non‐chemically treated hemp fiber‐reinforced composite was prepared from bio‐based components: hemp nanopaper (NP) and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) or acrylated rapeseed oil (ARO). A commercial‐grade AESO was selected as a reference and compared to ARO prepared in a one‐step synthesis. The impregnation process was examined in detail by studying the impact of surface wetting, temperature, and vacuum on the composite structure. ARO has excellent fiber surface wettability, showing initial contact angles between 46.5° and 48.2° on hemp NP. A more than 10‐fold difference in viscosity between AESO and ARO was observed. ARO composite with 50 wt% hemp loading achieved a Young's modulus of 1.3 GPa, a tensile strength of 26 MPa, and a storage modulus of 4.4 GPa (at 20°C). The results are supplemented by scanning electron microscope analysis of composite morphology via liquid nitrogen fracture and tensile failure analysis, that is, fractography. Dielectric spectroscopy analysis shows that composites have the potential to replace epoxy/paper composite insulators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully bio‐based thermoset composites from UV curable prepregs: Vegetable oil acrylate impregnated hemp nanopaper

et al. 2023

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“…It is due to improved fiber-matrix interfacial characteristics resulting from chemical treatment. 28 The addition of flame retardants to composites resulted in an increased burning time and lowered the burning rate. Increased loading of flameretardant fillers in composites delayed the flame propagation and resulted in char formation.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber and future: Unleashing the power of industrial hemp waste through epoxy composites

Soni,

Sinha

2023

Polymer Composites

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Natural fiber composites offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer composites, addressing the environmental concerns associated with traditional materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of flame‐retardant additives (magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 [A] and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 [B]) on hemp fiber‐based epoxy composites with a different fire retardant (FR) loading, that is, 0%, 8%, 12%, and 24%. An evaluation of flame‐retardant effectiveness on composites was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 horizontal burning, morphological analysis scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and char residue analysis. The results show that introducing the flame retardants in the hemp–epoxy composites improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of hemp–epoxy composites When composites were incorporated with flame retardants, the Horizontal burning rate was decreased, and LOI was increased. The lowest Horizontal burning rate of prepared composites was recorded as 11.6 mm/min, and the highest LOI was 25.3%. SEM shows uniform distribution of FR particles in the prepared composite. It is concluded that adding flame‐retardant additives efficiently improves the flame retardancy properties of the prepared composites.Highlights The mechanical and flammability behavior of developed composites were investigated after adding magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide to composites. An enhancement in flame retardancy and a slight reduction in mechanical properties are observed in composites. The purpose of this study is to expand the area where flame‐retardant ramie fabrics may be applied.

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“…Sv et al [40] investigated the influence of 5% NaOH at various soaking times (15,30,45,60, and 75 min) on Ziziphus nummulania fibers. They reported that 60 min was the optimal soaking time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 5 ] The easy availability, biodegradability, minimum cost, low density, high specific strength, and non‐toxicity are some attractive features of natural fiber. [ 6–8 ] In recent years, natural fibers like luffa, [ 9 ] pistachio shell particles, [ 10 ] rice straw, [ 11 ] sea purslane, [ 12 ] groundnut shell powder, [ 13 ] kenaf, [ 14 ] hemp, [ 15 ] jute, [ 16 ] limonia acidissima shell powder, [ 17 ] and tamarind powder [ 18 ] have proved their potential as a reinforcement material in different polymer matrices as reported by the researchers. Despite several attractive properties, the natural fibers are not free from a specific defect, that is, poor compatibility between fiber and matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of alkali treatment on the interfacial shear strength of Agave lechuguilla fiber and its significance as a reinforcing material in polymer composites for mechanical applications

et al. 2023

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The aim of the research work was to fabricate the short Agave lechuguilla (AL) fiber-reinforced epoxy composite and to improve its mechanical strengths. In order to do that, a single fiber pullout test was conducted to evaluate the critical length of the AL fiber and its interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in epoxy resin. To improve the IFSS, AL fibers were treated with varying concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of NaOH, and it was found that 5% NaOH treatment exhibits excellent tensile strength and IFSS. Fibers treated with 5% NaOH and untreated fibers were used separately as reinforcement materials varying between 10% and 40% with a 10 wt% step in composites fabrication. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of the composites were evaluated as per ASTM standards. The results reveal that the composites reinforced with 30 wt% of untreated AL fibers give maximum tensile and flexural strength. When 5% NaOH-treated fibers were used as reinforcement instead of untreated fibers, their tensile and flexural strength improved by 8.14% and 7.88%, respectively. To investigate the fracture mechanism of the tested samples, the specimen's fractured surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and reported in this paper.

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Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Fully bio‐based thermoset composites from UV curable prepregs: Vegetable oil acrylate impregnated hemp nanopaper

Fully bio‐based thermoset composites from UV curable prepregs: Vegetable oil acrylate impregnated hemp nanopaper

Fiber and future: Unleashing the power of industrial hemp waste through epoxy composites

Influence of alkali treatment on the interfacial shear strength of Agave lechuguilla fiber and its significance as a reinforcing material in polymer composites for mechanical applications

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