Synergistic Effect of APP and TBC Fire-Retardants on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Strandboard

Abstract

This study explored the feasibility of fabricating fire-retardant strandboard with low mechanical properties deterioration to the physico-mechanical properties. A hybrid fire-retardant system of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (TBC) was investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that both APP and TBC enhance the thermal stability and incombustibility of wood strands. An infrared spectrum was applied to investigate the effect of flame retardants on the curing behaviors of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resin. Based on the results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and Cone calorimetry (CONE), APP and TBC both lead to a higher fire retardancy to strandboard. It is worth mentioning that the two flame retardants lead to evidently differential influences on the modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), and water-soaking thickness swelling (TS) properties of strandboard. Hence, a hybrid flame retardant is prominent in manufacturing strandboard with both good fire retardant and satisfying physico-mechanical properties.

The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of waste polyester fabric/hemp stalk composites modified with piperazine pyrophosphate and ammonium polyphosphate

“…However, formulating APP and PAPP with different particle sizes in a 1:1 ratio not only increased the surface area of the particles to some extent, but also had the effect of blocking the expansion of silver grain, and simultaneously, facilitated better dispersion in the matrix material. Therefore, the compounded flame retardant system exhibited higher mechanical properties [24,25]. As seen in Figure 2a, the bending strength exhibited a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the rise in the additive amount of the PAPP/APP compound flame retardant.…”

Research on mechanical properties and fire resistance of flame- retardant laminated veneer lumber fabricated with fast-growing Poplar

“…However, once the coating loses its function, the untreated interior parts become exposed to re, and their ame retardancy reverts to the original level immediately. In comparison to coatings, impregnated modi cation is more commonly chosen (Tian et al 2023;). This method involves treating the raw materials directly, ensuring that retardants are present in every section of the prepared EWPs, thus guaranteeing overall ame retardancy.…”

Wooden Additional Floor in Finland

“…In this sense, fire safety engineering and performancebased design offer benefits and challenges for the use of timber in buildings, where the performance-based approach is primarily based on the use of fire engineering principles, calculations, and modeling instruments (e.g., structural models, thermal models) to meet building regulations, considering fire modeling, full-scale structural fire experiments, and experience from fire accidents in timber structures [66][67][68][69]. Additionally, the following considerations stand out in terms of the implementation of fire safety design in wooden structures [70][71][72][73]: Manual firefighting, sprinklers, encapsulation, fire retardants, fire performance and fall-off times of protective systems, the fire performance of connections between structural timber elements, details to prevent the internal spread of fire, external fire spread in the same building, and quality assurance. Furthermore, timber and steel structures have some similarities and differences in terms of fire safety measures [65,74].…”