Synergistic effect of diatomite and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardant properties of silicone rubber composites

Song, Wenhui; Lan, Yunrui; Wang, Jincheng; Zhang, Chenyang

doi:10.1007/s42464-021-00116-5

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…With a small amount of flame retardants added, the tensile strength of all composites was improved compared with that of pure VMQ. With the increase in flame retardant added, the tensile strength of the composite material had a downward trend, which may be due to partial agglomeration of flame retardant 31 . However, the tensile strength of VMQ/ CNT‐β‐FeOOH composite was higher than that of VMQ/β‐FeOOH and VMQ/CNTs at the same amount, and the tensile strength of VMQ/KH550@CNTs‐β‐FeOOH was the highest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improvement the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicone rubber via silane coupling agent modified CNTs‐β‐FeOOH

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silicone rubber with its odorless and non-toxic, high and low temperature resistance and other advantages is widely used in many fields, but its shortcomings of flammability and low thermal conductivity limit its application and development. Therefore, the research on flame retardant and thermal conductive silicone rubber is practically valueable. In this study, iron oxyhydroxide (β-FeOOH) was synthesized on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by in situ growth and added to silicone rubber after surface modification with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550).The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) with the addition of one part of KH550@CNTs-β-FeOOH increased to 29.8%, its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 40.1% and 30.2%, respectively, and its thermal conductivity increased to 0.3680 W/mÁk. The flame-retardant performance and thermal conductivity of the VMQ composite were significantly improved. The improvement of its flame retardancy was mainly due to the catalytic carbonization of CNTs and β-FeOOH, which promoted the formation of dense carbon layers. The carbon layer insulates the exchange of oxygen and combustible gases. In addition, the thermal conductive network constructed by KH550@CNTs-β-FeOOH in the composite effectively improved the thermal conductivity of VMQ.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improvement the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicone rubber via silane coupling agent modified CNTs‐β‐FeOOH

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Increasing the diatoms loading to 2 wt% ( Figure 2 d), the IFR and diatoms flame retardant is uniformly dispersed in HIPS matrix and a flat fracture morphology without obvious defects is formed, which is due to the interpretation that the IFR/diatoms flame retardant system greatly reduces the interfacial tension and causes the enhanced interfacial adhesion. Since diatoms contain high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane, there is van der Waals force between its pendant CH 3 and HIPS matrix, and hydrogen bonding between NH 4+ on the surface of APP and the O atom of the polydimethylsiloxane main chain ( Figure 3 ), thereby improving the interface compatibility between HIPS and IFR [ 21 , 22 ]. However, the HIPS-3 and HIPS-4 compounds exhibit a rough morphology with some defects ( Figure 2 e,f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Diatoms on Intumescent Flame Retardant High Impact Polystyrene System

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In this work, aiming to improve the flame retardancy performance of high impact polystyrene (HIPS), HIPS compounds were synthesized with the addition of intumescent flame retardant (IFR: mass ratio of APP and PER was 3:1) and diatoms into HIPS matrix by melt blending method. It was found the IFR/diatoms system exhibited high flame retardant efficiency and catalytic carbonization effect to HIPS matrix in the burning process. The LOI value of HIPS-2 compound with the addition of 28 wt% IFR and 2 wt% diatoms was increased to 29.0% and passed V-0 rating. The value of PHRR for HIPS-2 compound is about 460.58 kW/m2 compared with 937.22 kW/m2 of pure HIPS and the value of THR for HIPS-2 compound is about 32.9 MJ/m2 compared with 62.7 MJ/m2 of pure HIPS, suggesting that the addition of IFR/diatoms system can decrease the values of PHRR and THR, which shows the synergistic effect between IFR and diatoms on reducing heat release. The 21.9% reduction in Av-EHC and 41.4% reduction in TSP seen on introducing an IFR/diatoms system indicates effective smoke suppression, which potentially would significantly reduce the death rate in real fire accidents. The TG-IR results indicated that the IFR/diatoms flame retardant system functioned in the gas phase to suppress the flame. The SEM images showed the char residue produced was more compact and continuous, which suggests that the IFR/diatoms flame retardant system exhibits barrier and catalytic effects to block heat transferring and promote char forming. The tensile strength and impact strength of HIPS-2 compound were 22.95 MPa and 2.63 KJ/m2, respectively. The tensile strength and impact strength were increased by 34.13% and 19.55% compared with that of pure HIPS.

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“…Expandable graphite (EG) is an efficient intumescent flame retardant that acts as a carbonizing agent and a blowing agent. It is a layered material with a special graphite crystal structure and is widely used in polymer flame retardants 26–28 . Expanded graphite was introduced to stiff polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams (PUR‐PIR) as a flame retardant by Kuraska et al 29 and it was discovered that the higher the EG content, the better the thermal stability and flame retardant qualities of the composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a layered material with a special graphite crystal structure and is widely used in polymer flame retardants. [26][27][28] Expanded graphite was introduced to stiff polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams (PUR-PIR) as a flame retardant by Kuraska et al 29 and it was discovered that the higher the EG content, the better the thermal stability and flame retardant qualities of the composites. According to Mochane et al, 30 natural graphite EG promoted dense carbon layers, enhanced thermal stability, and improved flame retardancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic flame‐retardant effect of modified hydrotalcite and expandable graphite for silicone rubber foam

Liu

Sheng

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silica gel‐coated hydrotalcite (LDHs) flame retardants (SiLDHs‐Ce) are prepared by the sol–gel method. The synergistic effect of SiLDHs‐Ce and expandable graphite (EG) on the silicone rubber foam (SRF) is studied through limiting oxygen index (LOI), Cone Calorimeter Test (CC), thermogravimetric infrared spectrometer (TG‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that SiLDHs‐Ce and EG can improve the flame retardant properties of the SRF materials. The LOI value of the SRF material can reach 40.1% when the ratio of EG to SiLDHs‐Ce is 2:1, and the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) are reduced by 66.60% and 52.76%, respectively, compared with the original. The minimum SPR of the SRF material is 0.010 m2 s−1 when 1 wt% SiLDHs‐Ce has been added. TG‐IR results show that the addition of EG and SiLDHs‐Ce increased the carbon residue rate of SRF materials. Results show that the residual carbon‐containing EG and SiLDHs‐Ce is denser. It is inferred that the synergistic flame retardant mechanism of SiLDHs‐Ce and EG on the SRF is mainly condensed phase flame retardant, augmented by gas‐phase flame retardant. The results of this study can provide guidance for the development of environmentally friendly silicone rubber foam.

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Synergistic effect of diatomite and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardant properties of silicone rubber composites

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Improvement the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicone rubber via silane coupling agent modified CNTs‐β‐FeOOH

Improvement the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicone rubber via silane coupling agent modified CNTs‐β‐FeOOH

Synergistic Effects of Diatoms on Intumescent Flame Retardant High Impact Polystyrene System

Synergistic flame‐retardant effect of modified hydrotalcite and expandable graphite for silicone rubber foam

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